The asphalt emulsions were prepared using modified lignin amines as cationic emulsifiers. The effect of types and dosage of lignin cationic emulsifiers on the preparation and storage stability of asphalt emulsions were discussed by measurement of average particle diameter and Zeta potential of emulsions. The experiments show that the higher the surface activity of emulsifiers was, the smaller the average particle diameters of emulsions became. With the increasing of dosage of emulsifiers, the average particle diameters of emulsions descended. The storage stability of emulsions was improved distinctly when the lipophil dodecyl group was introduced into emulsifiers, which was attributed to good surface activity and enhanced mechanical strength of interfacial membrane for the alkyl chain of dodecyl group could be inserted in the asphalt particles.

Substituted phosphotungstic acids containing manganese, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium were prepared, and their catalytic performance on cationic polymerization of β-pinene was also investigated. The experimental results show that the substituted phosphotungstic acids are mono-substituted and keep Keggin structure. The substituted phosphotungstic acids containing Mn or Cr exhibit similar catalytic performance as phosphotungstic acid, instead show bad properties if containing Mo or V. The yield of polymer is up to 44.3 %, and the average number molecular weight is about 1200, and molecular weight distribution index is 1.4.

Polymerization of β-pinene was investigated in the presence of various Keggin phosphotungstates. The experiments show that cetyltrimethylammonium phosphotungstate with molar ratio of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to phosphotungstatic acid equal to 0.5 indicate efficient catalytic performance for the polymerization of β-pinene. The catalyst was easily removed from reaction mixture by filtration. Therefore, a clean and environmental friendly strategy for synthesis of terpene resin is developed.

Rosin-modified lignosulfonates were prepared according to the following procedure: firstly, sulfomethylation of kraft lignin; secondly, preparation of 2,3-epoxypropyl ester of rosin; thirdly, preparation of modified-rosin lignosulfonates via etherification of sulfomethylated lignin with 2,3-epoxy propyl ester of rosin. Experimental results show that the optimum conditions for synthesis of 2,3-epoxy propyl ester of rosin are as follows: molar ratio for n(rosin): n (epichlorohydrin): n (NaOH) is1:6:1, reaction temperature is 100 °C(for rosin ester) and 75 °C(for 2,3-epoxypropyl ester of rosin, the same below), reaction time is 5.5 h and 3 h respectively. When molar ratio of lignosulfonate to 2,3-epoxypropylester of rosin is 1/5, rosin-modified lignosulfonates were prepared at 55 °Cfor 4.5 h with pH 11.5. Hydrophilic sulfonic group and the lipophilic adbietic group were incorporated into the molecular structure of kraft lignin via corresponding reactions. The surface tension of 10 g/L aqueous solution of rosin-modified lignosulfonate is 49.3 mN/m.

Phosphotungstic acid supported over silica catalysts were prepared, characterized and tested. The results show that silica-supported phosphotungstic acid with 50 wt% of loading amount indicates excellent catalytic performance for the polymerization ofα-pinene. It is also found that the products are easily separated from reaction mixture and the silica-supported phosphotungstic acid catalysts are low-corrosive. Hence, a clean and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst forα-pinene polymerization is reported.