Both Egyptian propolis and nanohydroxyapatite graft material showed favorable periodontal regenerative effect. Propolis showed increased cellular proliferative ability that could be beneficial in reducing the healing period needed after periodontal therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Nanotechnology has been greatly utilized for bone regeneration strategies. It helps overcome some of the current limitations associated with bone regeneration methods Propolis is a natural substance made by the honeybee, it has effective antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, it has multiple biological effects including improvement of wound healing and bone regeneration. OBJECTIVES: comparison of the effectiveness of NanoBone graft and propolis material on the inter-radicular bone regeneration in Mongrel dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A split mouth design was carried out using the third and fourth mandibular premolars of 3 healthy mongrel dogs. A total of 12 grade II furcation defects were surgically created. The defects in the right side were treated with NanoBone graft and then a collagen membrane was used to cover the defects. In the left side the defects were treated with propolis and then covered with collagen membrane. The dogs were sacrificed after 4 weeks. Segments of the jaw bone containing the defects were then dissected out and prepared for histological evaluation. RESULTS: Both percentage of bone fill and percentage of bone surface area in defects treated with propolis powder were higher than those in NanoBone-filled defects. CONCLUSIONS: Both propolis and NanoBone graft materials have bone regenerative effects with higher ability of propolis to regenerate bone.

Using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, this study compared fine structural features of the pocket walls in both juvenile and adult Periodontitis (JP and AP, respectively) in 40 cases. Gingiva was also obtained from a control group consisting of periodontally noninvolved teeth. Clinical parameters were assessed in both JP and AP patients as well as in controls. Clinical findings showed low plaque accumulation, marked periodontal tissue destruction and less gingival inflammation in JP. Bone destruction and attachment loss were more marked in JP than in AP. AP had a higher plaque index and more evident gingival inflammation. SEM observations of JP as compared to AP showed gross distortions in pocket walls, an increased beaded appearance of microridges, and separation between pocket epithelial cells. TEM showed partially desquamated and separated superficial epithelial cells, but only in JP were fine granular precipitates observed in the intercellular spaces. The observations demonstrated structural features indicative of more prominent degenerative changes in JP than in AP. Also, these features were coincidental with a higher plaque index in AP than in JP, where clinical features (including a low plaque index) were not proportional to the epithelial destructive changes present.

Forty females were included for the clinical dental examination and estimation of oxygen consumption in the gingival tissue using the Warburg manometric technique. In the twenty pregnant females there were no significant difference in the plaque and retention indices as compared t o the non-pregnant females. However the gingival index was significantly higher in pregnant women. The oxygen consumption in the gingival tissue showed a statistically significant increase in the pregnant women. Explanation for these changes were discussed.