A solar cell is an electrical device used to convert the energy of sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. One type of solar cells that uses plant dyes is the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The DSSC is in the form of a structural arrangement known as a sandwich structure, consisting of conductive glass as transparent electrode, titanium dioxide (TiO2) sensitized by plant dyes, electrolyte, and a metal electrode as a counter electrode. The paper aims to study the effect of TiO2 thickness on DSSC performance utilizing red dragon fruit flesh extract as a dye. Three variations in the thickness of the TiO2 layer evenly positioned in the conductive area are tested. The thicknesses of the TiO2 layer are 99 µm, 129 µm and 141 µm respectively. The DSSC performance is tested outdoors with sunny weather conditions from 9:30 am to 1:30 pm. A calibrated Arduino measurement kit is used to measure the voltage and current values produced by the DSSC prototype. Testing with a thickness of 141μm resulted in the highest maximum power value of 532.26 mW among the three thickness variations.

Indonesia has considerable wind energy potential. Energy generation system performance can be monitored and controlled through the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. However, research and development of IoT technology in wind turbines in Indonesia is still low. Therefore, in this study, the author seeks to conduct research related to the development of a website-based wind turbine control and data monitoring system. This research uses a 3 blade horizontal axis wind turbine (NACA 2410). The monitoring system uses the Raspberry Pi 3B + microcontroller and several sensor devices such as the IR LM393 speed sensor to measure wind speed and shaft rotation speed, and the INA219 current-voltage sensor to measure the voltage and current of a 350 Watt DC generator. The website was created using the Laravel 5.8 PHP framework and Chart.js. Furthermore, the sensor calibration process and system testing are carried out. Based on the test results, it was found that the monitoring data system was functioning properly. The data has been successfully sent to the server and can be monitored in real-time via the website. Based on the results of the IR LM393 sensor calibration test, the linear regression equation y = 0.7881x + 13.837, and the value of R2 = 0.9934 is obtained. And the value of R2 = 0.9934 indicates that the sensor calibration process is well correlated. The results of testing the control system and monitoring of wind turbine data monitored through the website for 1 x24 show that the highest wind potential occurs at 13.00 to 14.00 WIB, namely at a wind speed of 3.74 m / s.

Indonesia often suffers from disasters triggered by natural damage caused by human actions such as floods and landslides. The difficulty of finding victims of natural disasters is the cause of the slow process of evacuation of victims. Because the time required to perform a search is relatively long, it causes a large number of unsaved victims. The availability of camera and UAV equipment and image processing and control technologies can be used to facilitate the search for victims of natural disasters. Image processing is an image processing technique that converts the input image into another better quality image. An image processing device mounted on a UAV that can fly at a certain height can search with missions that have been entered on the software mission planner. This tool is also more accurate because it comes with a GPS that reports the coordinates of the UAV. From the tests conducted with three high variations of 5 meters, 10 meters and 15 meters, obtained an average photo of 28, 51 and 85 photos for each height respectively. This identification system works well. It is known from that detected objects can be captured images. There are differences of number images being captured in each height, this happens because the camera specification is not supporting, as well as the influence of wifi router signal is disconnected at a certain distance. The distance between the UAV and the wifi router will affect the process of detecting objects as well as image capture.

Vibration may occur in rotating equipment, for example on the transmission shaft of the gear. If the motor rotation is high enough, the load and torque could also be large enough. So that it can cause the shaft to vibrate and this vibration can damage the shaft. Therefore, the magnitude of vibration of the shaft need to be measured in order to monitor that the magnitude of the vibration is not high enough to damage the shaft. Usually for measuring the magnitude of this vibration is used a vibration meter. The weakness of the vibration meter is that the method of the measurement is by touching the measured object. So this measuring instrument is easily damaged by the vibration. An alternative to measure the vibration of a shaft is by applying an image processing method. Image processing is a method that performs processing of images digitally. The measurement of vibration by image processing method is tested on a vibrating shaft. The image of the vibrating shaft is captured by a CCD camera and then processed by a Matlab program to extract the value of vibration amplitude. From the tests performed, the measurement of vibration using the image processing method, the measurement can be done without touching the vibrating shaft. The obtained values of amplitude are deviate about 5.73% in average from the theoretical values. This method and tools can be used to measure the rotating shaft vibration amplitude provided the measurement instrument is calibrated prior being used by considering the value of deviation.

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