This research is a conceptual study that examines the legal protection of right to vote for persons with disabilities in the conduct of general elections in Indonesia. The main problem in this article is how Indonesian government is committed to be protected the right by availaibility of Indonesian regulation, in particular regulation on person with disabilitiies. The method used is a normative research method. This study concludes that Indonesian Government has a full commitment in terms of protecting right to vote for persons with disabilities. The evidence seemed by the availability of legislation both produced through the ratification of international conventions and those produced by the national legislation process. The availability of these rules starting from Indonesian constitution of 1945 to the rules technical issues issued by the election organizer in this case the General Election Commission.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum pelaku usaha pesaing terhadap penyalahgunaan posisi dominan yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha yang memiliki kekuatan secara ekonomi yang memungkinkan untuk beroperasi di pasar tanpa terpengaruh oleh persaingan dan melakukan tindakan yang dapat mengurangi persaingan, serta penerapan azas rule of reason dalam posisi dominan sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian normatif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan yang diberikan kepada pelaku usaha pesaing adalah dapat melaporkan ke Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU), dalam hal ini KPPU dalam penerapannya dapat menggunakan azas rule of reason. Kata Kunci: Dominan; Rule reason; Perlindungan.   AbstractThis study aims to analyze the legal protection of competing business actors against abuse of dominant position by business actors who have economic power that allows them to operate in the market without being affected by competition and take actions that can reduce competition, as well as the application of the rule of reason principle in a dominant position. In accordance with the provisions of law number 5 of 1999 concerning the prohibition of Law Number 5 Year of 1999 concerning the prohibition of monopolistic practices and unfair business competition. The method used is normative research method. This research shows that the protection given to competing business actors is that they can report to the KPPU, in this case KPPU in its application could use the rule of reason principle. Keywords: Dominant; Rule Reason; Protection.

The current international business transaction activity is not difficult, with the advancement of technology, the world provides ample opportunities and opportunities for the international community to make connections between them.. International business transactions are private law studies, where in private law the law provides wider opportunities for each party to make, agree and execute the clauses they make. However, it can not be said that in order to carry out such business activities, the parties must carefully understand and understand the legal norms in the countries of the opposing parties. This will greatly affect the implementation of the agreement. For that reason it is necessary for researchers to clarify the study of legal protection of international business transactions in the era of free trade.The following issues are Legal Principles of International business transactions in the era of free trade and Legal Certainty on International Business transactions. The method used is normative legal research.This research produces the Principles of law of international business transactions can be found in the rules of international treaty law which regulates the provisions of international business transactions. The provisions of the international convention on the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the UNIDROIT Principle of International Contracts of 1994 and Legal certainty in international business contracts can be seen from the legal source of international business contracts. Not surprisingly, when different business actors of citizenship conduct international business transactions, they will consent to law enforcement of one of the business actors. Keywords: Legal Protection, International Business Transactions, Free Trade

ABSTRAKHak terkait adalah hak yang berkaitan dengan hak cipta yang merupakan hak ekslusif bagi pelaku pertunjukan, producer fonogram, atau lembaga penyiaran. Berdasarkan pengertian hak terkait tersebut maka dapat dipahami bahwa yang merupakan pemilik hak terkait adalah pelaku pertunjukan, produser fonogram (lebih dikenal sebagai produser rekaman), dan lembaga penyiaran. Perlu adanya perlindungan untuk pelaku karena pelaku pertunjukan memiliki hak moral dan hak ekonomi yang terdapat pada pasal 23 UUHC. Yang memuat pada pelaku pertunjukan yang tidak dapat dihilang atau tidak dapat dihapus dengan alasan apapun. Namun pada prakteknya seringkali hak terkait ini dikesampingkan, karena lingkup perlindungan tidak hanya mencakup hak ekonomi dan hak moral. Permasalahan diatas menimbulkan isi hukum bentuk perlindungan terhadap hak terkait menurut undang-undang Hak Cipta dan perolehan Hak Terkait dalam Hak Cipta Isu hukum ini diteliti dengan menggunakan metode dengan tipe penelitian Normatif.Bentuk pelindungan Hukum terhadap Hak Terkait menurut Undang-Undang Hak Cipta terdiri dari 2 (dua) yaitu, perlindungn hukum preventif dan perlindungan hukum represif. Perolehan hak terkait dalam UUHC yaitu hak moral dan hak ekonomis. Hak moral pelaku pertunjukan merupakan hak yang melekat pada pelaku pertunjukan yang tidak dapat dihilangkan atau tidak dapat dihapus dengan alasan apapun walaupun hak terkait telah dialihkan. Hak Ekonomi Pelaku Pertunjukan adalah suatu hak yang diberikan oleh Undang-undang secara eksklusif kepada Pencipta untuk untuk memanfaatkan keuntungan suatu ciptaan yang biasanya berupa publikasi suatu salinan ciptaan atau fonogram supaya dapat tersedia untuk publik dalam jumlah tertentu. Kata Kunci : Perlindungan, Hak Terkait, Hak Moral, Hak Ekonomi  AbstractRelated rights are rights relating to copyright which are exclusive rights for performers, producer phonograms, or broadcasters. Based on the understanding of related rights, it can be understood that those who are related rights holders are performers, phonogram producers (better known as record producers), and broadcasting institutions. There needs to be protection for the perpetrators because the performers have the moral rights and economic rights contained in article 23 of UUHC. Which includes the performers who cannot be lost or cannot be removed for any reason. But in practice often these related rights are ruled out, because the scope of protection does not only cover economic rights and moral rights. The above issues give rise to the contents of the law in the form of protection of related rights according to the Copyright law and the acquisition of Related Rights in Copyright This legal issue is examined using methods with normative research types.The form of legal protection against Related Rights according to the Copyright Act consists of 2 (two), namely, preventive legal protection and repressive legal protection. The acquisition of related rights in the UUHC is moral rights and economic rights. The moral rights of performers are the rights inherent in the performers who cannot be removed or cannot be removed for any reason even though the related rights have been transferred. The Economic Rights of Performers is a right granted by the Law exclusively to the Creator to utilize the benefits of a work which is usually in the form of the publication of a copy of a work or phonogram so that it can be available to the public in a certain amount. Keywords: Protection, Related Rights, Moral Rights, Economic Rights

The province of North Kalimantan is the youngest province in Indonesia, located in the northern part of Kalimantan Island. Northern Kalimantan Province is established based on Law No. 20 of 2012 establishing the Northern Kalimantan Province. Nunukan Regency is one of five districts / cities in the province of North Kalimantan covering an area of ​​14,263.68 km2. Geographically, Nunukan Regency is located in the northernmost region of Kalimantan, which borders directly with a neighboring country, Sabah-Malaysia. The legal status of the land becomes a written proof that is legally recognized. All land rights are recorded in the form of National Land Agency (BPN) certificates. BPN creates duplicates of landowners to avoid future risks, such as: B.: Lost certificates, burned certificates and duplicate certificates. In Indonesia, land ownership status is governed by the Basic Law of Agriculture (UUPA) No. 5 of 1960 on Agricultural Principles. Rural residents living in the Border Coast, especially in the Nunukan Subdistrict, Nunukan Utara district, is the Nunukan Regency, a leased land owned by PT. Inhutani as the de facto landlord (HGU), above the property for PT. Inhutani in the Nunukan district, Nunukan district, Nunukan Utara district stands thousands of buildings owned by both the community and the government, where the majority have no legal proof of domination. The problem in this study is the legal status of the ownership of land in the border coastal areas and the policy of the local government in providing legal solutions to control the use of land in coastal areas. Based on the results that concludes the legal status of the land of coastal residents who live in the region as the right boundary, as the conversion of Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) by PT.Inhutani is used, that researchers know ended Hak Guna Usaha ( HGU) was on the ground since 2009. But it was extended to 2038. While the legal solution for providing legal certainty of the owner of the building in the country of PT. Inhutani receives until the bleaching of the rights building use rights (HGB) to the community, because PT. Inhutani is no longer productive / operates and produces forest products, in Nunukan sub-district, Nunukan Utara village, but only the establishment of settlements and thousands of municipal and state buildings.