The purpose of the article is to discuss the character values in civic education textbooks for junior high school students in Indonesia. The eighth-grade textbook is on the research focus, especially in the Bhinneka Tunggal Ika concept. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity) means we are many kinds, but we are one. The differences make Indonesian people are vulnerable to social conflicts. Therefore, it is very important to understand and promote ways in which can contribute to building up of unity. From the concept, the "Ministry of Education and Culture" develops national character values through textbooks which are used as a source of learning. The research is based on qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation and document study. Data analysis use interactive analysis from Miles and Huberman. The study shows that the textbook contains 18 (eighteen) national character values following the purpose of civic education in the national curriculum. They are "honest, religious, discipline, tolerance, independent, hard work, creative, democratic, curiosity, the spirit of nationalism, love of the country, appreciate achievement, friendly/ communicative, peace of mind, fond of reading, environmental care, social health, and responsibility". In practice, the teacher should optimize by giving a model or example through habituation activities, involving students in learning, and implement the values of character obtained in daily life.
Setiap proyek mempunyai keterbatasan sumber daya, baik manusia, material, biaya ataupun alat. Oleh sebab itu, manajemen proyek diperlukan mulai dari fase awal proyek hingga fase penyelesaian. Dengan demikian sukses tidak-nya proyek ditentukan oleh kemampuan pengambil keputusan dalam mempertimbangan waktu yang efektif, biaya yang efisien dan mutu yang berkualitas. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah membuat proyek menjadi ekonomis dengan meminimalkan selisih nilai estimasi anggaran saat perencanaan dengan pelaksanaan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor utama penentu tingkat akurasi estimasi biaya konstruksi. Sumber data penelitian yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Teknik analisis penelitian ini dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden kemudian analisis data dengan Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) disertai uji konsistensi dari kriteria terpilih. Faktor penentu tingkat akurasi estimasi biaya konstruksi terdiri dari tiga. pertama disebabkan oleh kejelasan pendefinisian ruang lingkup yang menjadi karakteristik proyek. kedua disebabkan oleh kejelasan informasi terkait parameter desain, kriteria gambar dan spesifikasi yang berhubungan erat dengan komunikasi konsultan, kontraktor. ketiga disebabkan oleh faktor yang berhubungan dengan kondisi pasar (faktor eksternal) dengan kesulitan tingkat pengerjaan (produktivitas dan kinerja).
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