Властивості крові корів в період тільності, їх вплив на репродуктивну функцію тварин та життєздатність новонароджених телят Анотація. Результати проведених досліджень свідчать, що період тільність корів суттєво впливає на фізичні властивості крові. Фібриноліз в крові тільних корів відбувався в 1,18 рази довше, ніж тривалість даного процесу у не тільних корів ( р < 0,05). Суттєвих змін зазнає в'язкість крові корів впродовж періоду тільності. До кінця другого та третього триместру тільно-сті в'язкість крові корів підвищилась в 1,15 (р < 0,05) -1,34 рази (р < 0,01) у порівняні з першим триместром тільності. В кінці другого періоду тільності в'язкість крові корів була в 1,12 рази (р < 0,05), а в кінці третього триместру в 1,18 рази (р < 0,05) більше, ніж в'язкість крові не тільних корів.Швидкість згортання крові тільних корів впродовж періоду виношування плоду також підвищувалась. В кінці першого триместру тільності корів кров згорталась повільно. До кінця другого та тре-тього триместру тільності даний процес відбувався в 1,07-1,17 раза швидше, ніж в кінці першого триместру тільності. Ключові слова: в 'язкість, кров, сухостійний період, плід, фібрин.

To increase the productivity of cows and improve the nutritional and sanitary-technological qualities of milk is one of the most important tasks in the development of dairy farming in all countries of the world. The cause of degradation of these parameters is such a widespread disease of cows as mastitis. The social significance of mastitis is manifested in the fact that the causative agents of mastitis in cows can cause disease in humans. Since streptococci and staphylococci play a leading role in mastitis, they are the most common in milk. Studies have shown that udder disease in cows with mastitis at the beginning of lactation has a certain seasonal nature and its main peaks occur in March-May and September-November. During these months, from 2.5% to 4.1% of cows from the total number of livestock of the farm were found to have mastitis. Physiochemical features of milk from the cows with mastitis were an increase in the number of somatic cells to 1,500,000/cm3, increase of milk pH to 7.3, caused by the breakdown of milk proteins into ammonia, the increase in milk electrical conductivity to 5.92-7.54 mS/cm, associated with the entry of sodium and chlorine ions from the blood into the milk. In studies of cows with mastitis, 16 species of bacteria were isolated from the secretion of the udder. In monoculture, the microflora, that was found in 30.5% of cows, consisted of E. coli, St. epidermidis, C. freundi, Sh. Dysentery, St. aureus, St. hyicus spp. Chromogenes, Str. Agalactiae, St. lentus, and St. intermediate. In 69.5% of cows with mastitis, the microflora was found in various associations. The most common associations of bacteria were St. epidermidis + St. aureus + Str. agalactiae + Str. haemolyticus; E. coli + Str. agalactiae; Str. agalactiae + St. epidermidis; St. epidermidis + St. aureus + Str. agalactiae. We developed a method for diagnosing mastitis in cows, which was to diagnose the disease at early stage of inflammation of the mammary glands by studying the composition of the milk the examined lobe of the udder.

Fetal resistance to hypoxia is defined by its continuous affinity with the mother's body, and the transition of various substances depends on their concentration in the blood, the intensity of hemocirculation, and the permeability of cell membranes. We investigated the blood of functionally active newborn calves with signs of hypoxia, which were divided into three groups: І-animals in a state of asphyxia with meconium in the amniotic fluid (n = 9); ІІ-animals with inadequate spontaneous respiratory movements (n = 9); III-with spontaneous adequate respiratory movements (n = 9). The hematological analyzer was used to determine the dynamics of hemogram parameters and to calculate hematological indices during the first month of life. At the same time, we determined the indicators of hemo-, leuko-and thrombogram blood of cows pregnant with functionally active calves with signs of hypoxia. It has been established that a significant reduction in the number of red blood cells in calves' blood occurs in the first 5 days of life with an increase in the average volume of erythrocytes in the blood of functionally active calves by an average of 1.19 times (p < 0.01), a decrease in hemoglobin concentrations in erythrocyte especially in calves with low prenatal development. It should be noted that the above-mentioned processes in calves born with signs of hypoxia occur more «slowly» with the preservation of the dynamics inherent in functionally active calves. Hematologic indices allow to objectively determine qualitative and quantitative changes of concentrations and functional activity of leukocytes. In particular, there was a decrease during the neonatal period of LI, NLK and INS, and the growth of IP. Hemograms of cows, the mothers of functionally active and in the state of hypoxia newborn calves differ significantly. In the cows-mothers of functionally active newborn calves, the number of erythrocytes in the blood, hemoglobin and hematocrit content, the average content of platelets and thrombocyte were higher, while the average content of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte and the width of red blood cells distribution were higher in cows that gave birth to calves in a state of hypoxia.

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Sheep breeding is one of the most promising branches of agriculture and the most important branch of animal husbandry worldwide. For the successful development of the industry mentioned above, it is necessary to increase the number of sheep and the production of livestock products. One of the aspects of this task is the effective implementation of measures to control parasitic diseases in sheep, particularly those localized in the gastrointestinal tract. The work aimed to investigate the spread of gastrointestinal parasitoses among sheep of single-person peasant farms in the Poltava region. The studies established that the average infestation of sheep by causative agents of gastrointestinal parasitoses is 39.74 %. In the studied sheep, strongylidoses of the digestive organs (extensiveness of invasion – 20.19 %), trichuriasis (18.59 %), eimeriosis (18.27 %), monieziosis (6.73 %), strongyloidosis (6.73 %) and dicrocoeliosis (1.92 %). In 32.26 % of the studied animals, the invasions occurred in monoinvasions, and in 67.74 % – in the form of mixinvasions. Among the monoinvasions, dicrocoeliosic (10 % of monoinvasions), monieziosic (22.5 %), strongyloidosic (40 %), and eimeriosic (27.5 %) were recorded. A total of 10 types of mixinvasions were detected in sheep, where two-component associations of gastrointestinal parasites were most often registered (78.57 % of mixinvasions), and three-component associations of parasites were less frequently diagnosed (21.43 %). Among the two-component mixinvasions, strongyloidosic- eimeriosic and trichuriasic- strongyloidosic were most often diagnosed, where the indicators of the extensiveness of invasions were 5.77 and 5.13 %, respectively. Three-component mixinvasions were represented by an association of trichurises, strongylides of digestive organs and eimeries (3.21 %), trichurises, strongyloideses and eimeries (1.60 %) and moniezies, trichurises, and strongylides of digestive organs (0.96 %). The research results on the spread of gastrointestinal parasitoses in sheep will allow for taking into account the peculiarities of the course of mixinvasions and the composition of their co-members when carrying out treatment and preventive measures in single-person peasant farms of the studied region.