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586 patients with mental disorders of headings F0-F4 (according to the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases) and 18 mentally healthy people were studied. An automated ethological analysis of psychodiagnostic interviews, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a pictographic survey, psychometric scales, stress testing, and structural and functional neuroimaging methods were used. Reliable differences are shown when examining patients with mental disorders using a set of instrumental, laboratory and psychophysiological methods for investigating mental disorders. Significant differences in the volume of behavioral reactions in patients with schizophrenic disorder were revealed. With the help of the pictographic methodic, reliable differences are shown in patients with neurotic disorders and depressive episodes, as well as in persons with preclinical neurotic disorders. Neuroimaging methodic showed significant differences in the structure and functional activity of different parts of the brain in patients with endogenous, organic, neurotic depressions, as well as addictive disorders compared with healthy individuals. It was found that, despite the pronounced individual differences, even a simple comparative analysis (ethological part of the study) revealed statistically significant indicators in the volume of behavioral reactions in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, compared with healthy individuals. The results of the study of «neuroimaging markers» of the depressive disorders have shown, that «endogenous» depression at the PET (positron emission tomography) - study was determined by the decrease in the level of metabolism in the heads of caudate nuclei by20-40% of normal with moderate depression (up to 25 points on the HAMD) and more than 40% - severe (more than 26 points on the HAMD) compared to the control group, which was not observed in the «reactive» depression. It was found that the use of «neuroendocrine markers» (platelet serotonin, cortisol) in the diagnosis of depressive disorders allows, on the one hand, to study the causal mechanisms of mental disorders with an externally similar phenomenological picture, and on the other - to assess the pathophysiological consequences and severity of mental pathology. The possibility of modification of approaches to objectification, prognosis and early detection of mental disorders is shown.

Relevance. The problem of improving the military personnel psychological and psychiatric care in combat conditions is due to high levels of psychogenic losses, sometimes up to 80 % of the combatants. At the same time, insufficient theoretical development of the problem of reactive states in the combat situation, unclear definitions and boundaries, pronounced differences in terminology, classification and methodological approaches used by different specialists significantly impede specialized care.Intention. Based on the analysis of current conception about combat related stress-induced mental disorders in military personnel, to develop proposals for organizing a staged system for providing psychological and psychiatric care from the standpoint of modern military medical doctrine.Methodology. Approaches to systematization of stress-induced disorders and the related system of psychological and psychiatric care organization were analyzed using a heuristic method. Results and Discussion. Based on the analysis of taxonomic and severity characteristics of stress-induced disorders, 2 subgroups were identified – short-term and prolonged ones, as well as 4 organizational categories (levels) in accordance with the type of required care: psychological, preclinical, borderline (neurotic) and psychotic. It is proposed to consider the first category as not requiring medical and psychological care, the second - as related to short-term casualties (psychogenic losses), the third - mainly to psychiatric sanitary casualties, and the fourth, mainly to irrecoverable casualties. The content of psychological and psychiatric care at the stages of medical evacuation in relation to the selected categories of the casualties is revealed. An idea is given about psychological and psychiatric intelligence, probable factors that need to be taken into account in prediction of psychogenic losses, and an example of such a calculation is given.Conclusion. It is stated that the existing approaches to psychogenic losses prediction do not take into account organizational and staffing changes in the troops and modern forms and methods of armed confrontation. The necessity of developing objective methods for predicting individual resistance to combat negative factors, remote monitoring of the military personnel mental health, as well as improving methods of treatment and prompt correction of stress-induced disorders, including those based on a mobile psychoprophylactic platform, is postulated.

Deviant behaviors among military personnel are being considered. Healthy servicemen and servicemen with various forms of deviant behaviors (addictive, suicidal, and antisocial) were examined using clinical psychopathological, experimental psychological, psychophysiological, and neuropsychological methods. The survey results by various methods were analyzed statistically, and their significance in diagnosing the propensity for deviant behaviors of servicemen is studied. The isolated use of individual methods does not increase the efficiency of the diagnostic process. Moreover, the combined use of neuropsychological (affective priming and Wisconsin card sorting test) and psychophysiological (oculography) methods with a high level of reliability makes it possible to differentiate healthy military personnel from military personnel prone to deviant behaviors. The most informative psychophysiological signs when performing neuropsychological techniques were the frequency and duration of blinking and duration of gaze fixations. An algorithm for diagnosing deviant behaviors of military personnel has been developed based on the analysis of neuropsychological and psychophysiological indicators using an ethological approach (oculography and pupillometry).

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