The study analyzed the content and localization of phenolic compounds, in particular phenylpropanoids, of Rodiola rosea plants of Altai Mountains ecotype during the introduction period of 2–4 years in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The plant material for the introduction experiment was obtained by in vitro method. HPLC was used to identify 11 phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, rosarin, rosavin, rosin, cinnamyl alcohol, rhodiosin, rhodionin, and kaempferol. The highest content of phenylpropenoids was found in rhizomes of the 4-year-old R. rosea plants: 1.02% rosarin, 2.64% rosavin, 1.05% rosin, 3.39% cinnamyl alcohol. Analysis of the phenylpropanoid profile showed that the predominant component in all the studied samples was cinnamyl alcohol (up to 58%). Histochemical studies identified phenolic substances in the rhizomes and roots of R. rosea , which are localized in parenchymal and vascular tissues. It was revealed that the total rhizome biomass exceeded that of the root, and by the 4 th year of introduction, it was approximately 2-fold greater in dry weight. The study showed high biosynthetic potential and biological productivity of the studied R. rosea ecotype upon introduction.

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An analysis of pollen grains (in Nitraria sibirica Pall., N. schoberi L., N. komarovii Iljin & Lava ex Bobrov, and N. pamirica L. Vassil.) was performed on natural material collected in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan. Herbarium specimens from the collection at Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (N. tangutorum Bobrov and N. praevisa Bobrov) were examined, too. Pollen grains of two species—N. pamirica and N. praevisa—were studied for the first time. N. tangutorum and N. praevisa were found to have the perprolate pollen shape, whereas N. pamirica was found to have the subprolate shape. An intraspecific differentiation of N. sibirica was noted. Populations of N. sibirica (Taskarasu, Karatal, and Basshi) possess pollen grains of the subprolate or prolate shape, striate and perforate exine ornamentation, and a longer equatorial axis and a shorter polar axis than other specimens of N. sibirica. N. schoberi in all populations had anomalous shapes of some pollen grains. Overall, we demonstrated that the length ratio of the polar axis to the equatorial axis, characteristics of pollen in polar view, colpus morphology, and surface ornamentation of pollen grains in the genus Nitraria are of great taxonomic importance for the identification of species.

BACKGROUND: Bog blueberry, Vaccinium uliginosum is one of the newer fruit crops. Choosing the most appropriate methods for mass vegetative propagation of V. uliginosum cultivars, including in vitro propagation, is crucial. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of growth regulators and light on in vitro rhizogenesis of V. uliginosum to determine the optimal method of propagation. METHODS: The following cultivation techniques were tested on microshoots of bog blueberry varieties ‘Golubaya rossyp’, ‘Nektarnaya’, ‘Shegarskaya’ and ‘Iksinskaya’: 1) ½ Anderson (A) medium supplemented with 3 and 10 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 2) 24-h aqueous treatments of microshoots with 148 μM IBA or 171 μM IAA and further cultivation in ½ A medium. In addition, we tested precultivation in darkness for 3 d versus a 16/8-h photoperiod. RESULTS: 100% rooting was observed in ‘Golubaya rossyp’ in all treatments of the experiments and with ‘Nektarnaya’ on the growth-regulator-free ½ A medium and after treating the microshoots with 171 μM IAA solution. Precultivation in darkness produced a positive effect on rooting in ‘Shegarskaya’ and ‘Iksinskaya.’ CONCLUSIONS: Response to in vitro rooting techniques varied between cultivars of V. uliginosum. Treatment of microshoots with auxin solutions improved in vitro rooting.