Introduction. CCurrently, there are more and more new data that the urine of the healthy subject has its own unique microbiota and virobiota. Nevertheless, in the etiology and pathogenesis of the inflammatory diseases of the urinary system, the bacterial component is the most studied, but the viral component, as a rule, remains outside the scope of the standard clinical examination of patients. Objectives. To investigate the viral-bacterial associations in the urine of healthy subjects.Materials and methods. The 20 healthy sexually active women and men were examined, which are divided into groups according to gender: Group I – women (n = 10), Group II – men (n = 10). The average age of the subjects was 22.4 ± 1.2 years.Results. Bacteriological examination showed that in the urine of healthy women predominates Lactobacillus spp. (90,0%), Peptococcus spp. (80.0%), Propionibacterium spp. (70.0%), and in the urine of healthy men - Eubacterium spp. (70.0%) and Peptostreptococcus spp. (40.0%). During the polymerase chain reaction of urine were detected the papilloma (HPV) and herpetic (HSV) viruses in 40.0% of cases. In group I were verified HPV (20.0%) and HSVII (10.0%), in group II was found only the HPV (10.0%). In all cases, when viruses were detected in the urine, they were recorded as part of virus-bacterial associations. In one healthy woman in the urine were found HPV + HSVII associationsConclusions. The findings about of verification different taxa of viruses in the urine of healthy subjects are the basis for understanding and detailing the etiological structure of infections of the urinary system. The further studies should be aimed for increasing the cohort of healthy subjects in order to obtain the correct factograms of bacterial and viral patterns which present in their urine.

Introduction. Difficulties in the management and treatment of patients with uncomplicated recurrent lower urinary tract infection (LUTI) are largely because bacterial, viral and other components remain unexplored in the etiological structure of the disease.Purpose of the study. To study the urine bacterial-viral associations in uncomplicated recurrent infections of the lower urinary tract (LUT).Materials and methods. The study included 14 patients with uncomplicated recurrent infections of the LUT, the average age was 33.0 ± 4.7 years. The object of the study was the average portion of morning urine collected prior to the appointment of empirical antibiotic therapy. Urine was divided into 3 aliquots: 1 for general urine analysis, 2 for bacteriological examination, 3 for polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results. Aerobic-anaerobic associations were found in urine in all cases. Enterobacteriaceae family representatives were discovered in 92.8% of cases; they were represented by E. coli (78.6%), Klebsiella spp. (14.2%), Proteus spp. (7.1%). Moreover, in one patient at the same time (7.1%) E. coli + Klebsiella spp was isolated from urine.The gram-positive microflora pattern consisted of 7 genera and / or species and in various combinations was found in all patients. The taxonomic structure of the gram-positive flora was represented by E. faecalis (64.3%), S. lentus (21.4%), Corynebacterium spp., S. warneri, E. faecium (14.3% each), S. epidermidis + E. coli was recorded in 4 (28.6%) women, E. faecalis + E. faecium + E. coli + Klebsiella spp. - in 1 (7.1%), E. faecalis + E. faecium + E. coli also in 1 (7.1%) patients.Non-clostridial anaerobic bacteria (NAB) were isolated from urine in all cases with Eubacterium spp dominating. (57.1%). The taxonomic structure of NAB was represented by 5 genera: Eubacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Peptococcus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Propionibacterium spp.Viruses were detected in urine in 6 (42.9%) patients. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected in 4 (28.6%) of them, moreover, in 1 case, in association with human papillomavirus (HPV53), in two other cases (7.1% each), cytomegalovirus (CMV) was verified and human herpes simplex virus type 6 (HHV6), respectively.Conclusions. In patients with uncomplicated recurrent LUTI, viruses with a prevalence of EBV were verified in urine in 42.9% of cases (28.6%). Apparently, the treatment of this patients` cohort should be directed not only to the bacterial, but also the viral components of the urinary microbiota.

Introduction. Pelvic ring fracture with complex bone fragments displacement is associated with the urethral distraction injury in about 10% of cases. Emergency care for these patients includes the provision of trauma management and urinary diversion followed by delayed urethroplasty.Purpose of the study. To determine the effect of extramedullary osteosynthesis in a pelvic ring fracture on the outcome of treatment in patients with post-traumatic urethral strictures.Materials and methods. The study included 17 patients with post-traumatic urethral strictures associated with pelvic ring fractures (Types B, C). The average age of the patients was 35.8 ± 10.2 (19 - 61) yrs. All patients underwent submerged osteosynthesis and cystostomy drainage as an emergency. Localization of strictures: 10 (58.8%) - membranous, 7 (41.2%) - bulbo-membranous. Length of strictures: 1.47 ± 0.5 (0.5 - 2.5) cm. Post-traumatic period: 6.6 ± 1.3 (4 - 10) mo.Results. All patients underwent anastomotic urethroplasty. No early postoperative complications were identified. Spontaneous urination was restored by 14 - 15 days in all patients. Early urethral stricture relapses were revealed in 9 (52.9%) patients during 3-mo follow-up. These patients underwent removal of the metal structures fixing the pelvic bones. Repeated urethroplasty was performed a month later. Subsequent relapses of urethral stricture were not detected in any of 17 cases with a median follow-up of 28 (12 - 128) mo.Conclusion. Surgical treatment of urethral strictures associated with a pelvic ring fracture and osteosynthesis is advisable after removal of the metal structures fixing the pelvic bones. This is since the excessed retropubic screws protrusion (> 0.2 - 0.3 mm) is associated with a large area of periurethral fibrous inflammation and causes high relapse risks of stricture disease (52.9%) in the case of urethral surgery preceding the removal of metal structures.

Tis review describes different virus taxa that are more prevalent in some variants of urological pathology. Te search of articles was conducted in the information portals of Te Cochrane Database, MEDLINE / PubMed Database, eLIBRARY, ClinicalKey for the period 2008-2018. As a result, the most current and representative studies, containing an interpretation of the dynamics of opinions indicating the involvement of viruses in various urological diseases were selected. Te bacterial component is the most studied in the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, but the viral component, as a rule, remains outside the scope of routine examination of patients, which stagnates conducting of adequate therapy and prevention of infectious and inflammatory diseases in urology.