The immune system contributes to neurodegenerative pathologies. However, the roles of γδ T cells in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated somatic variability of T-cell receptor γ genes (TRGs) in patients with AD. We performed deep sequencing of the CDR3 region of TRGs in patients with AD and control patients without dementia. TRG clones were clearly detectable in peripheral blood (PB) and non-neuronal cell populations in human brains. TRG repertoire diversity was reduced during aging. Compared with the PB, the brain showed reduced TRGV9 clonotypes but was enriched in TRGV2/4/8 clonotypes. AD-associated TRG profiles were found in both the PB and brain. Moreover, some groups of clonotypes were more specific for the brain or blood in patients with AD compared to those in controls. Our pilot deep analysis of T-cell receptor diversities in AD revealed putative brain and AD-associated immunogenic markers.
Цель. Оценить эффективность кПАПк в комплексном лечении больных мультифо-кальным атеросклерозом с поражением артерий сердца и нижних конечностей. Материал и методы. В исследование были включены 74 больных (66 мужчин и 8 женщин), возраст -63,2±9,3 года: 32 (43%) с IIa стадией и 42 (57%) с IIb ста-дией ишемии нижних конечностей; 58 (80%) -с II фк стенокардии и 16 (20%) -с III фк стенокардии (CCs). кПАПк проводилась на аппаратно-программном комплексе "кАРдиОПУЛЬсАР". Протокол исследования состоял из 30 процедур по 60 мин в день. эффективность кПАПк оценивалась по изменению показателей эхокг, теста 6-ти минутной ходьбы, дбХ, ЛПи, Лдф, индекса активности dAsI, эдинбургского опросника перемежающейся хромоты. Результаты. Регресс клинических симптомов отмечен у всех пациентов, про-шедших курс кПАПк в кардиосинхронизированном ангиорежиме: отмечено статистически значимое увеличение толерантности к физической нагрузке, дбХ, ЛПи, индекса активности dAsI, показателей микроциркуляции по дан-ным Лдф-метрии. Оценка параметров эХОкг (кдР, ксР, кдО, ксО, фВ ЛЖ) и фк стенокардии показала, что после курса кПАПк коронарный кровоток существенно не изменился. У всех больных наблюдалось субъективное улуч-шение: увеличилась физическая активность, уменьшился дискомфорт в конечности, ощущение похолодания и зябкости в ногах. Заключение. кПАПк является новым перспективным, неинвазивным, эффек-тивным и безопасным методом лечения мультифокального атеросклероза с поражением сердца и сосудов нижних конечностей.
Background The immune system contributes to various neurodegenerative pathologies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). γδ T cells can mediate different pathological processes in the human brain, such as oncogenesis, autoimmunity, and stroke. However, the role of γδ T cells in AD have not yet been elucidated. Method We designed an approach based on multiplex PCR system with following library preparation and deep sequencing of the CDR3 region of TRGs. In total clonotype repertoires from 147 peripheral blood and postmortem brain samples of AD patients and control individuals without dementia were analyzed. Moreover 17 blood repertoires of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) were also tested. Result Our results showed special features of peripheral blood (PB) and brain TRG repertoires: compared with the PB, the brain showed reduced TRGV9 clonotypes but was enriched in TRGV2/4/8 clonotypes. Age‐related changes were found. The reduced diversity and CDR3 length of human blood TRG repertoires and in the composition of the brain TRG repertoire, in particular, a decrease in the frequency of the TRGV9 segments and an increase in TRGV2/4/8 were identified. We developed a bioinformatic approach based on the physicochemical properties analysis of rare clones that are found in patients with AD but not in healthy individuals. Our findings revealed the enrichment of TRG clonotypes with specific properties in the brain or blood of patients with AD compared to those in controls. (Aliseychik et al. 2020) These AD‐associated clonotypes are not typical for patients with PD, for which accumulation of the AD specific clonotypes was not pronounced. Conclusion The pilot study of TCR repertoires in AD revealed disease associated TRGs profile properties in brain and blood and implied putative AD‐associated immunogenic markers. This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA; R01 AG054712); the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR, grant no. 18‐29‐13051) and the Russian Science Foundation (RSF, grant no. 19‐75‐30039).
ВведениеНесвоевременное восстановление коронарного кровотока у больных с острым коронарным синдро-мом приводит к развитию стойких изменений кине-тики миокарда в отдаленном периоде вследствие рубцового преобразования. Однако далеко не у всех больных, перенесших инфаркт, пораженный уча-сток миокарда полностью некротизируется. До-вольно часто миокард на этом участке имеет моза-ичную структуру, в которой чередуются зоны погиб-шего миокарда и зоны с сохраненными основными физиологическими функциями, но не имеющими признаков механической активности. Именно эти участки жизнеспособного, но ишемизированного миокарда и являются предикторами развития тяже-лых осложнений в отдаленном периоде [2,5].Исследования показали, что без своевременного восстановления перфузии ишемизированной зоны гибернированный миокард может погибнуть, тогда как восстановление коронарного кровотока у боль-ных этой группы может способствовать улучшению Two approaches in treatment of 131 patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis are compared in the work. Tactics of «total» myocardial revascularization means restoration of coronary blood flow in all arteries with hemodynamically significant lesion while «selective» revascularization provides restoration of coronary blood flow only in those arteries which have a viable myocardium in their pool. It was concluded that restoration of coronary blood flow in patients after myocardial infarction permits to prevent postinfarction heart remodeling, development of heart failure thereby affecting on the prognosis. Evaluation of myocardial viability in the area of suggested surgery increases efficiency of revascularization, reduces number of implantable stents and decreases frequency of unfounded coronary interventions. Elimination of ischemia in the area of hibernation provides a rapid restoration of myocardial contractility in most of left ventricle segments with initially impaired kinetics. It was revealed that terms of contractility restoration of hibernating myocardium depend on duration of hibernation period up to revascularization.
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