ВВЕДЕНИЕÇíà÷èòåëüíîå óâåëè÷åíèå èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ àãðîõèìèêàòîâ â ïåðèîä ñ 1960 ãîäà ïî 2000 ãîä â ðåçóëüòàòå èíòåíñèôèêàöèè ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííîãî ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïðèâåëî ê çíà÷èòåëüíîìó èñòîùåíèþ åñòå-ñòâåííîãî ïîòåíöèàëà ïëîäîðîäèÿ ïî÷â, óõóäøåíèþ êà÷åñòâà âîäû è âîçäóõà, ñíèaeåíèþ êà÷åñòâà îïðåäåëåííûõ âèäîâ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåí-íîé ïðîäóêöèè [23].  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íàáëþäàåòñÿ èçìåíåíèå îñíîâíîé êîíöåïöèè ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà îò èíòåíñèâíîãî ê óñòîé÷èâîìó, ýêîëîãè÷åñêè-îðèåíòèðîâàííîìó. Îäíèì èç ïåðñïåê-òèâíûõ íàïðàâëåíèé ñîâðåìåííîãî çåìëåäåëèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ èñïîëüçîâà-íèå ïîòåíöèàëà ïîëåçíîé ïî÷âåííîé ìèêðîôëîðû. Ñèìáèîòè÷åñêèå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû èãðàþò âàaeíóþ ðîëü â ðàçâèòèè ðàñòåíèé, îáåñïå-÷èâàÿ èõ ìèíåðàëüíîå ïèòàíèå, çàùèòó îò ïàòîãåíîâ è âðåäèòåëåé, àäàïòàöèþ ê ðàçëè÷íûì ñòðåññàì [8,9].Íàèáîëåå âàaeíîå ýêîëîãè÷åñêîå è ïðàêòè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèå èìåþò ýíäîñèìáèîòè÷åñêèå ñèñòåìû: áîáîâî-ðèçîáèàëüíûé ñèìáèîç è àð-áóñêóëÿðíàÿ ìèêîðèçà (ÀÌ). Ñèìáèîç ñ êëóáåíüêîâûìè áàêòåðèÿìè (ÊÁ) ðîäîâ Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium è äð. ïîçâîëÿåò áîáîâûì ðàñòåíèÿì ðàçâèâàòüñÿ â óñëîâèÿõ äåôèöèòà ñâÿçàííîãî àçîòà, òîãäà êàê âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ñ ÀÌ ãðèáàìè, ôèëà Glomeromycota [21], îáåñïå÷èâàåò àññèìèëÿöèþ òðóäíîðàñòâîðèìûõ ôîñôàòîâ è äðóãèõ ïèòàòåëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ïî÷âû. Èíîêóëÿöèÿ áîáîâûõ êóëüòóð ÊÁ ïðèâîäèò ê ñóùåñòâåííîìó óâåëè÷åíèþ óðîaeàÿ (îò 15 % äî 60 %), à òàêaeå ê ôèêñàöèè 40-450 êã àçîòà íà ãåêòàð çà ñåçîí [11]. Ðåçóëü-òàòîì øèðîêîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ áèîïðåïàðàòîâ íà îñíîâå ÊÁ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñíèaeåíèå ïðèìåíåíèÿ àçîòíûõ óäîáðåíèé è àêêóìóëÿöèè íèòðàòîâ ðàñòåíèÿìè, ïî÷âîé è âîäîé. Ìèêîðèçàöèÿ âåäåò ê óëó÷øåíèþ ðîñòà ðàñòåíèé, îäíàêî øèðîêîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå ýòîãî ñèìáèîçà îãðàíè÷åíî ñëîaeíîñòüþ ïðèãîòîâëåíèÿ ïðåïàðàòîâ ìèêîðèçíûõ ãðèáîâ. Áîáî-âî-ðèçîáèàëüíûé è ÀÌ ñèìáèîçû òàêaeå ïðåäîõðàíÿþò ïî÷âû îò èñòîùåíèÿ è ïîääåðaeèâàþò áèîëîãè÷åñêîå ðàçíîîáðàçèå ðàñòèòåëü-íûõ ñîîáùåñòâ [12,16]. Ýòè äâà ñèìáèîçà ñèëüíî ðàçëè÷àþòñÿ ïî ôèçèîëîãèè, ìîðôîëîãèè è ñïåöèôè÷íîñòè âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ. Òåì íå ìåíåå ó áîáîâûõ ðàñòåíèé âûÿâëåíà åäèíàÿ ñèñòåìà ðàçâèòèÿ ýòèõ ñèìáèîçîâ, êîòîðàÿ èìååò ìíîãî îáùèõ ýëåìåíòîâ ñ ñèñòåìàìè çàùè-òû ðàñòåíèé îò ïàòîãåíîâ è ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñíîâîé ðàñòèòåëüíî-ìèêðîáíî-ãî ýâîëþöèîííîãî êîíòèíóóìà [8,9]. Îäíàêî â ëèòåðàòóðå îïèñàíî

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В статье представлены результаты многолетних экспериментальных исследований по созданию растительно-микробных систем гороха.

The research was conducted at FSCLGC in 2015-2019. The responsiveness of new varieties to inoculation with a set of active nodule bacteria strains 634, 626, 640, 645, 650 was studied in comparison with the standard Lanceolate variety on dark gray forest medium loamy soil. The scheme of the experiment included options without inoculation and fertilization (control), with inoculation with the specified strains, as well as with the introduction of mineral nitrogen at a dose of 60 kg of a.s./ha. The experience is replicated four times. The area of plots is 10m2. Sowing was carried out with a SKS-6-10 seeder in a wide-row method (row spacing 45 cm) in the second decade of May. The seeding rate is 600 thousand germinating seeds. Both inoculation of seeds and application of mineral nitrogen at a dose of 60 kg per hectare caused an increase in soybean yield. Crop increases, depending on the year and variant, were 0.6-2.7 C/ha. The highest yield – 28.2 C/ha (on average for 2 years) formed the Leader-10 variety. The analysis of the economic efficiency of cultivation of various soybean varieties showed that the profitability of cultivation of the Leader-10 variety, which is characterized by a higher level of productivity, is significantly higher than other evaluated varieties. According to the strain factor, soybean cultivation using inoculants based on highly active nodule bacteria strains complementary to each variety is more cost-effective than using mineral nitrogen fertilizers.