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Introduction. Wound healing is a process based on a complex mechanism of intercellular interaction. The aim was to study changes in the oral mucosa cellular composition during wound healing with and without a protective piezoelectric coating. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 50 Wistar rats divided into four groups: one control group of intact rats and experimental groups 1, 2, and 3. The rats of the experimental groups were subjected to excision of a lip mucous membrane flap with wound formation. In the animals of experimental group 1, the defect was open. In group 2, we used a polymer membrane with copper modification, and in group 3, the membrane was without copper modification. The animals were sacrificed on days 3, 7, and 12 of the study. We used light and electron microscopy to study the qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of cell populations at the site of the defect. Results. On day 3, there prevailed neutrophilic infiltration in all groups. In groups 2 and 3, we observed a large number of macrophages and fibroblasts that indicated the transition to the next phase of wound healing. On day 7, in group 1, there persisted extensive neutrophilic and macrophage infiltration, whereas, in groups 2 and 3, the signs of inflammation decreased, and wound healing was active. On day 12, in group 1, all values were significantly higher than in the control group and there was damage to the ultrastructure; in groups 2 and 3, all the studied parameters reached the control values. Conclusion. We revealed the patterns of changes in the cellular composition of a wound during its healing. The use of the coating contributed to accelerated wound healing, which was found during the analysis of changes in the composition of cell populations. The closure of the oral mucosa wounds with polymer piezoelectric membranes was proven to have a good effect on tissue repair and was supposed to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Keywords: wound defect, mucous membrane, oral cavity, piezoelectrics, inflammation, regeneration, scaffolds, dentistry

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This works aims to study morphofunctional changes in the vessels of the oral mucosa during regeneration of a wound defect with and without a polymer membrane.An experiment was carried out on 35 white Wistar rats divided into three groups: control, experimental 1 and experimental 2. To form a wound defect, a flap of the oral mucosa was excised, which was covered by a polymeric piezoelectric membrane in the rats of group 2. Histological examination was carried out on the 3rd, 7th and 12th days: the control material was taken, histological preparations were made according to the standard method. In the lesion focus and surrounding tissues, specific areas and numerical densities of arterioles, venules and capillaries were determined; the pericapillary diffusion index, Kernogan index and arterio-venular ratio were calculated.On the 3rd day, all indicators in all experimental groups did not significantly differ from each other, but had significant differences from the control group. On the 7th day of the study, in the 1st group, the numerical density of open arterioles and venules corresponded to the control group. In group 2, the numerical density of capillaries and altered venules, as well as the index of pericapillary diffusion, significantly differed from the control. On the 12th day of the study, the numerical density of open venules reached control values in the uncoated group. In the 2nd group, all indicators corresponded to the control values.Protection of the wound defect from microbial contamination and re-traumatization, the presence of piezoelectric properties of the membrane under study contributed to a more effective restoration of vessels. This confirms the efficacy of the membrane under study when used as a wound covering.