Введение. Лечение пациентов с высокоэнергетическими травмами костей конечностей является трудной задачей. Цель. Представлен случай этапного лечения пациента с огнестрельным переломом костей голени. Материалы и методы. Первым этапом выполнена стабилизация перелома внешним фиксатором. Второй этап направлен на купирование инфекционного процесса-резекция некротических тканей, установка антибактериального спейсера, замещение дефекта мягких тканей. Третий этап-реконструктивная операция для замещения костного дефекта и консолидации костей голени. Результаты и обсуждение. Сформированная мембрана Масколе, компрессионный остеосинтез по Илизарову и несвободная аутопластика фрагментом малоберцовой кости позволили восстановить опорность голени в достаточно короткий срок. Заключение. Комбинация стимулирующих эффектов различных хирургических техник позволяет получить хороший результат в тяжёлых клинических ситуациях. Ключевые слова: дефект кости, метод Илизарова, аутотрансплантат, мембрана Масколе Introduction High-energy tibial fractures are challenging injuries to treat. Objective We report a case of a tibial gunshot fracture treated at several stages. Material and methods The fracture was first stabilized with external fixation device. The second stage aimed at the arrest of infection consisted of excision of necrotic tissues, placement of antibacterial spacer and repair of compromised soft tissues. Reconstructive surgery was produced at the third stage of treatment to address bone defect and provide consolidation. Results and discussion The Masquelet induced membrane technique, compression osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov frame and non-free autograft using fibular fragment facilitated recovery of supporting tibia functions within a relatively short period of time. Conclusion The combination of stimulating effects from different surgical techniques is useful to ensure a good outcome in a severe clinical case scenario.

Treatment results were analyzed for 22 patients, aged 5-27 years, with long bone cysts. Combined treatment (transosseous osteosynthesis and drug punctures) was used in all cases. Activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase total proteolytic activity, total protein content in blood serum and cyst contents was determined in dynamics. Biochemical examination of solitary bone cysts contents showed that their qualitative composition was identical to chemical contents of blood serum. During treatment osteolytic activity of cyst contents decreased considerably with reduction of low molecular and rise of high molecular components that evidenced of «structurization» cyst cavity.

Background Extraarticular deformity of the femur or tibia may be critical for the success of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Recognizing an extraarticular deformity preoperatively allows a surgeon to choose between various management strategies. The surgical treatment options for correction of an extraarticular deformity include (1) primary TKA, (2) simultaneous corrective osteotomy and TKA and (3) staged corrective osteotomy and delayed TKA. Objective To substantiate differentiated approach to treatment strategies for osteoarthritic knee with extraarticular deformity based on international and our own experience. Material and methods Comparative analysis of current literature on surgical treatment of extraarticular deformities in arthritic knees was produced. The differentiated approach was illustrated by a clinical instance of a 35-year-old patient with bilateral end-stage gonarthrosis associated with extraarticular deformity of both lower limbs. Staged treatment was considered for the congenital multiplanar multilevel deformity in the shaft of the left femur with 26º valgus alignment, procurvatum, external rotation to be corrected with bifocal osteotomy addressing all components of the deformity and stabilized with interlocking intramedullary nail. Standard TKA on the left side was produced a year later with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) retention. Acquired uniplanar varus deformity of the right femur was corrected using computerassisted navigation TKA and the PCL substitution at 5 months after the first procedure. Results Knee score improved from 28 to 85 and from 52 to 86 in the left and right sides while functional activity score increased from 42 to 90 and from 52 to 92, respectively, as measured with American Knee Society scoring system (KSS). There is plenty of evidence in the literature that computer-assisted navigation TKA facilitates accurate limb alignment, better flexion angle and improved functional score whereas osteotomies are associated with a higher risk of complications that can result in delayed consolidation or nonunion. Conclusion Differentiated approach can be advocated for correction of an extraarticular deformity of lower limb to be addressed with TKA depending on the magnitude (in degrees), the location of the deformity in relation to the knee joint and relevant patient specific charactreristics, such as age, gender, clinical history. Computer-assisted navigation TKA is practical for mild diaphyseal deformity associated with gonarthritis. Corrective osteotomy can be useful for severe diaphyseal deformity or with the apex localized close to the joint for realignment at the first stage.

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Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Российский научный центр «Восстановительная травматология и ортопедия» им. акад. Г.А. Илизарова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Курган Adaptive stereotypes of feet support responses in patients with emur injury consequences under combined osteosynthesis