The article discusses a systematic clinical and psychological approach to different types of impaired cognitive development in children and adolescents with mental disorders in the context of the concept of cognitive dysontogenesis. The authors describe the types of cognitive dysontogenesis in schizophrenic and autistic spectrum disorders and present two models of its estimation: with complex psychometric and pathopsychological diagnosis and with a support on pathopsychological diagnosis of cognitive development only. Special attention is paid to domestic techniques developed in MHRC, which classify the types of cognitive dysontogenesis in children and adolescents with different disorders of mental development without reliance on psychometric indicators. The developed model of cognitive development profiles allows to make a conclusion about a typical picture of cognitive disorders in different versions of mental pathology.

The problem of preventing factors associated with the risks of cognitive decline and hindering active longevity in old age is becoming increasingly important. According to the United Nations in 2019, about 10% of the total population in the world is over the age of 65, and by 2050 this figure will already be 20%. The syndrome of mild cognitive decline is considered as a transitional state between normal physiological aging and dementia. The two modern approaches to the prevention of cognitive impairment during aging are presented. Methods for the prevention of cognitive impairments are proposed to be considered according to the level of organization of mental activity, to which they mainly appeal: based on the semantic level (training) and the level of personal meanings (stimulation programs). The experience of preventing cognitive decline in the elderly within the framework of the program of psychosocial therapy and neurocognitive rehabilitation at the “Memory Clinic” (Russia) and the “Cognitive Stimulation Therapy” (CST) program (Great Britain) is described.

The article is devoted to the traditional conference on clinical psychology held on November 25-26, 2021 in Moscow for the third time. The Conference was dedicated in the memory of Susanna Yakovlevna Rubinstein. A hybrid format of the conference is described, a wide geography of participants from Russia and abroad is shown, detailed topics of the plenary and breakout sessions, as well as workshops are presented.

No abstract

Background: to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic, psychotherapeutic, and psycho-correctional procedures the study of cognitive functions (memory) is necessary. There are few studies of treatment effectiveness through analysis of the dynamics of voluntary memory indicators in children and adolescents with schizophrenia.Purpose: to analyze the dynamics of voluntary verbal memory indicators in children and adolescents with endogenous mental pathology during treatment in the short-term and medium-term.Subjects and methods: clinical groups included 134 patients 7–17 years old with diagnoses of childhood type schizophrenia (F20.8xx3), schizotypal personality disorder (F21), undifferentiated schizophrenia (F20.3). The healthy control group for the assessment of short-term and medium-term dynamics included 64 pupils of secondary schools in Moscow, aged 10–16 years.Methods: Learning of 10 Words, Paired Associations, the Digit Span subtest from WISC. All subjects were examined twice.Results: therapeutic dynamics shows that the deficit level of immediate memorization volume and memorization effectiveness did not change in 55% and 65% of patients, respectively. Improvement (approaching the norm) of immediate memorization and memorization effectiveness was demonstrated by 26% and 21% of patients, respectively. Statistically significant changes in the state of associative memory during therapy were noted in the groups F21 and F20.3. The effect of specific drugs (neuroleptics,nootropics, antidepressants) on memory in a separate sample of 36 patients showed a tendency for the positive effect of nootropics and antidepressants. In the medium-term (age-related) dynamics, patients in F21 and F20.3 groups demonstrated relative stability of memory indicators; a tendency towards positive dynamics was found in the F21 group.Conclusions: a tendency to multidirectional therapeutic dynamics of immediate memory indices was revealed depending on the diagnosis, variability of indices during re-examination in connection with treatment with individual drugs. The dynamics of memory indices in the mediumterm reveals the differences associated with the diagnosis — a minimum of positive age-related shifts in the F20.8xx3 group and variants of dynamics that are close to normal in the F21 and F20.3 groups. The “learning effect” found in the developmental norm is not so noticeable or not noticeable at all in clinical groups.