The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling perfusion (pCASL-perfusion) in preoperative assessment of cerebral glioma grades. The study group consisted of 253 patients, aged 7–78 years with supratentorial gliomas (65 low-grade gliomas (LGG), 188 high-grade gliomas (HGG)). We used 3D pCASL-perfusion for each patient in order to calculate the tumor blood flow (TBF). We obtained maximal tumor blood flow (maxTBF) in small regions of interest (30 ± 10 mm2) and then normalized absolute maximum tumor blood flow (nTBF) to that of the contralateral normal-appearing white matter of the centrum semiovale. MaxTBF and nTBF values significantly differed between HGG and LGG groups (p < 0.001), as well as between patient groups separated by the grades (grade II vs. grade III) (p < 0.001). Moreover, we performed ROC-analysis which demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between HGG and LGG. We found significant differences for maxTBF and nTBF between grade III and IV gliomas, however, ROC-analysis showed low sensitivity and specificity. We did not observe a significant difference in TBF for astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. Our study demonstrates that 3D pCASL-perfusion as an effective diagnostic tool for preoperative differentiation of glioma grades.

According to the results of the diagnostic stage of obstetric examination in 2016–2018, the etiology and pathogenesis of mastitis in 90 cows of FG “Mriia” of Rivne region were analyzed. During the research, 83.3 % of the cows were diagnosed with breast inflammation. Subclinical form of udder inflammation was found in 51.1 %, clinical in 32.2 %, and at the same time hidden and clinical, in the same proportion – in 12.2 % of animals. In the farm, the cause of mastitis, were violations of sanitary and hygienic conditions of keeping cows and systematic technological underdevelopment of specialists in zootechnical and veterinary services. Frequent postpartum pathologies, including postpartum paresis and ketosis, contributed to the development of the disease. The experimental data for the study of the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of “Forticept” udder hygiene products on the condition of the breast, milk quality and cow productivity are presented. The “Forticept Udder Wash” antiseptic is used to prepare the udder for milking, and the “Forticept Udder Forte” film-forming agent is used to preserve udder nipples after milking is completed. It is established that the treatment, before and after milking, of the udder of cows by means of the “Forticept” complex, after 15 days allows to reduce significantly (by 55 %) the number of animals with subclinical mastitis (SFM). Within 30 days of “Forticept Udder Wash” and “Forticept Udder Forte”, the incidence of SFM in the cows of the experimental group decreased from the starting 41.7 % to 19.0–23.0 %. Hygienic treatment of the cows udder with the drugs “Kenopur” and “Kenocidin” did not give the desired effect of reducing the manifestations of SFM: on the 30th day of the experiment, the number of positive milk samples in the control group increased by 4.0 % (up to 54 %). Оn the thirty-day “Forticept” series, only one new case of subclinical mastitis was diagnosed in the experimental group. The preventive effect of “Forticept Udder Wash” and “Forticept Udder Forte” on SFM is 96.0 %, in the preparations “Kenopur” and “Kenocidin” – 70.0 %. Reducing the incidence rate naturally contributed to the increase in daily milk yields, the improvement of milk quality indicators for fats, protein, casein and a decrease in the content of SC, KMAFanM1 and microorganisms. In the animals of the experimental group, the level of somatic cells was 339.14 ± 21.22 thousand/ml by the end of the observation period and was 26.7 % lower than the control group. At that, the number of quarters of the breast with somatic cell content more than 400 thousand/ml of milk decreased in both groups, namely: in the experimental group – by 19.0 %, in the control group – by 15.1 %.

The article presents the results of our own research on the therapeutic effectiveness of the use of FORTICEPT UDDER FORTE for post-milk treatment of cows with subclinical mastitis.As is known, one of the reasons for the emergence of mastitis of cows is the lack of proper sanitary-hygienic treatment of breast milk after milking. Taking into consideration the fact after milking, according to various authors, remains open for 30 minutes to 2 hours, it leads to the infection of the mammary gland with the microflora causing its inflammation.The study of the effectiveness of using FORTICEPT UDDER FORTE after milking treatment of cow's doses was performed in comparison with other existing agents: on the basis of chlorhexidine and iodine.The use of FORTICEPT UDDER FORTE for post-milking treatment of cow's dug reduces their incidence by subclinical mastitis by 30–40%.The therapeutic efficacy of using FORTICEPT UDDER FORTE in cows in the first experimental group was 20.1% higher than the other animals (chlorhexidine-based agent) and 13% in the third group (iodine-based).

The aim of the research was to test experimental samples of udder hygiene products ‘Forticept Udder Wash’ and ‘Forticept Udder Forte’ in the prevention of subclinical mastitis in cows. To study the effect of experimental products for udder treatment before and after milking of the line ‘Forticept’, two groups of cows (n = 48) were formed in PE ‘Demetra-2010’ (Kamianets-Podilskyi District, Khmelnytskyi Region). Animals of the experimental group were treated with experimental samples of drug ‘Forticept Udder Wash’ before milking and ‘Forticept Udder Forte’ after milking. Cows of control group were treated with the drug for udder hygiene based on iodine — ‘Uberaseptic SB’. The criteria for selection of animals into groups were the somatic cells count (SCC) in the milk of each quarter of the udder and the quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM) in milk. All animals of the experimental and control groups were diagnosed for the presence of a subclinical form of mastitis using the reagent ‘Profilac Reagent N’ (Westfalia). Examination of cattle for the presence of subclinical mastitis, just on the 10th day of drug application, revealed a 2.0-fold decrease in the percentage of sick animals in the group where the ‘Forticept’ complex was used in comparison with control animals. At the end of the experiment, this indicator among the animals of the control group treated with the water-containing drug ‘Uberaseptic SB’ was 2.9 times higher than in the experimental group. On the 30th day of the survey, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis increased to 18.3% in the group of animals treated with iodine and decreased to 59.0% when treated with ‘Forticept Udder Wash’ and ‘Forticept Udder Forte’, which was 2.4 times lower. Application of ‘Forticept Udder Wash’ and ‘Forticept Udder Forte’ improved the quality of milk, in particular, there was an increase in fat content by 16.4%, digestible protein content by 10.4% (p < 0.05) and a decrease in protein content by 26.5% (p < 0.05), dry matter content by 16.5% (p < 0,01), and 3.3 times decrease of SCC due to a decrease of QMAFAnM by 9.5% and total bacteria count to > 100 CFU/cm3, and relevant inflammatory products. The use of ‘Forticept’ complex allows to obtain stable milk yields with a tendency to increase: gross yield in the experimental group increased by 1.3% during 30 days (with a decrease in the control group by 3.7%)

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