A special place in the pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis is occupied by the state of local immunity, which can affect the clinical course and prognosis of chronic diseases of the oral mucosa. The inflammatory process in recurrent aphthous stomatitis is initiated by stimulation of keratinocytes of the oral mucosa by a currently unknown antigen, which leads to stimulation of T-lymphocytes and the release of cytokines and various interleukins. Cytokines are the main nonspecific humoral factor of immunity, providing the initiation and development of an inflammatory response during the development of a protective immune response. A huge number of works are devoted to the study of cytokine status in recurrent aphthous stomatitis, which plays one of the key roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, most of the studies were conducted in patients over the age of 18, in addition, the results obtained are contradictory. This determined the purpose of this study – to assess the cytokine status of oral fluid in children with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The study examined 70 children who were divided into 2 groups. The main group consisted of 45 children aged 7 to 14 years, patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis, during the relapse of the disease. The main group was divided into 2 subgroups: A – 20 children with the duration of recurrent aphthous stomatitis up to 5 years, group B – 25 children with the duration of recurrent aphthous stomatitis more than 5 years. All patients in the main group had concomitant diseases, in most cases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The control group consisted of 25 practically healthy children without recurrent aphthous stomatitis. In children with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in the oral fluid, a significant increase in the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and a decrease in the concentration of IL-10, an imbalance in the level of IL-2 depending on the duration of the disease, as evidenced by a pronounced inflammatory process of the oral mucosa with epithelial destruction.

Aim. To compare the contents of potassium salts in specialized toothpastes, and to estimate the possibility for potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules after firm tooth tissues conditioning by a toothpaste containing fluoride. Methods. Toothpastes specially formulated to treat the pain of sensitive teeth: «Sensodyne F» (contains potassium chloride); «PresiDENT Sensitive» (potassium nitrate); «Asepta Sensitive» (potassium citrate) and new gel reducing dental sensitivity (contains potassium chloride) were examined. Speed of potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules after firm tooth tissues conditioning by a toothpaste containing fluoric substances were measures by potentiometry and a special device using tooth slice as a membrane. Results. Considering that toothpaste is applied within 5 minutes, while gel - within 15-20 minutes, it is possible to assume that potassium ions bioavailability from 1 g of gel can be assessed as 41 mg, compared to 5.9±0.5 mg from 1 g of paste №1, 0.4±0.05 mg - №2; 7.8±0.5 mg - №3. So, potassium ions bioavailability from 1 g of gel is 7; 102; 5 times higher (respectively) compared to toothpastes. Speed of potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules ranged between 0.2 to 1.64 μg/min and depended on the number of membrane potassium channels permeable for potassium. Fluoride toothpastes specially formulated to treat the pain of sensitive teeth reduced the speed of potassium ions diffusion from the solution by 4-7 times by blocking the dentinal tubules. This can be also associated with fluoride-containing protective film formation. Therefore, at the first stage of treatment of teeth hypersensitivity using new gel, it is better to use a toothpaste without fluoride. Conclusion. Compared to the examined toothpastes, new gel for reducing dental sensitivity contains higher number of potassium free ions, which can enter dentinal tubules reducing the effect on free nerve endings. Potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules reduced 4-7-fold after conditioning by a toothpaste containing fluoride.

<p>Now it is tended constant increase in the patients having diseases of kidneys. The periodontal disease is risk factor of development of a chronic renal failure. To the contrary, existence of a chronic generalized periodontal disease complicates the course of a chronic renal failure. We offered medicinal composition of «Silativit» with a collagen hydrolyzate, vitamin C and a hydroxyapatite of calcium which contains optimum structure for application in an oral cavity at treatment of a chronic generalized periodontal disease at patients with the chronic renal failure (CRF). In nephrological office and office of a hemodialysis of city hospital No. 2 Kamensk-Ural treatment to 50 patients with the diagnosis a chronic generalized periodontal disease of moderate severity is carried out. Efficiency of treatment was defined on the basis of dynamics of an index of hygiene of OHI-S and KPI. Results of treatment and change of indicators of quality of life estimated in one month and in six months. The obtained data speak about positive influence of complex therapy of a periodontal disease, both on a condition of fabrics of a parodont, and on quality of life of patients of CRF.</p>

<p>In work the results of research which allowed to achieve a positive effect in treatment of a periodontal disease from persons with chronic diseases of kidneys are presented.</p>

Subject. Microorganisms are a fundamental factor in the development of inflammation. The choice of a medicinal composition in the form of a gel can provide a prolonged introduction of dosage forms into the focus of inflammation. For our research, the herbal medicine Gum balm "Forest Balm" was selected. The main components are aloe juice, bisabolol, panthenol and ginger extract, which have an anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effect; troxerutin, which helps reduce gum bleeding; fir extract, which blocks the growth of pathogenic oral microbiota. Purpose ― to assess the effectiveness of the use of gum balm "Forest Balsam" in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases Methodology. A survey of 30 volunteer patients aged 20 to 22 years was conducted. Dental examinations were performed at the following time intervals: before application, after the 1st application, after 3 days, after 5 days and 7 days of application. The prevalence of the inflammatory process was assessed using the papillary-marginal-alveolar index and the Muhlemann bleeding index (modified by Cowell). Qualitative and quantitative study of microbiological material was performed by measuring the buccal epithelial colonization index to determine the status of local immunity. Results. Changes in the cytological picture in the direction of normocenosis are determined on the third day of applying the gum balm "Forest balm". On the 7th day of application, it eliminates all visible symptoms of gum disease (bleeding, inflammation, swelling). Conclusions. Gum balm "Forest balm" improves the protective function of the oral cavity by activating cellular defense mechanisms, strengthens local immunity, activates its own immune defense of the oral cavity to fight opportunistic microorganisms, increases the colonization resistance of the oral mucosa to opportunistic microorganisms.