New surgical suturing materials with complex biological activities (antibacterial and stimulating tissue regeneration) have been developed. In vitro studies demonstrated pronounced and prolonged (up to 10-12 days) antibacterial activity. Experiments on 108 male albino rats proved the positive effect of the materials on the wound process: shortening of the inflammation period, more rapid transformation of the granulation tissue, more rapid epithelialization of the wound and its pronounced contraction.

Problem and goal. The article describes the problem of using case-technology in teaching computer modeling to future teachers of informatics. The relevance of solving this problem is determined by the need to find new approaches to combining the fundamental and applied training of future teachers in order to form a holistic competency that provides a solution to professional pedagogical problems. The purpose of this study was to design a model of training future teachers of informatics in the field of computer modeling using case-technology, as well as testing this model during a pedagogical experiment. Methodology. The basis of the developed methodological approach was the use of subject-oriented cases in teaching computer modeling to future teachers of informatics. This type of cases is considered as a set, which includes: 1) situational problem; 2) tasks, the implementation of which leads to the solution of the problem; 3) materials needed to complete tasks; 4) software tools for solving the problem. The model of training of future teachers of informatics using case-technology is considered as a set of target (formation of competence of the teacher of informatics in the field of computer modeling), content (the content of the course “Computer Modeling”) and process components (three stages of design, development and direct application of the subject-oriented case of computer modeling in the classroom). To assess the effectiveness of the case-technology application, a pedagogical experiment was conducted, involving the implementation of training in experimental and control groups. Results. The article presents the results of an experiment conducted at the Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University. During the experiment in the control and experimental groups, a course of computer modeling was implemented with the preservation of the content, but with the use of case-technology in the experimental group. Criterion evaluation of the effectiveness of the formation of competence of the teacher of informatics in the field of computer modeling was carried out in the subject and research aspects. The results of the experiment showed that in the experimental groups increased the number of students represented at high, as well as medium and high levels of formation of both the subject and research component of the competence. Conclusions. The study showed that the proposed approach to the use of case-technology provides high results. The obtained and statistically confi data of the experiment allow us to speak about the effectiveness of the use of case-technology as a means of teaching computer modeling to future teachers of informatics.

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Хирургия является одним из самых древних видов деятельности человека. И по мере того как развивалась хирургия, развивались и методы, и техническое оснащение, с помощью которых стало возможным проведение многочисленных манипуляций. Традиционным методом, которым пользовались хирурги, становилось оперативное вмешательство, заключающееся в физическом внедрении во внутреннюю среду организма больного, что являлось достаточно большим риском и угрозой жизни пациента из-за развития инфекционных осложнений, несмотря на качество проведенной операции. Поэтому впоследствии предупреждение попадания патогенных микроорганизмов и развития инфекционных осложнений стало одним из основополагающих принципов в хирургии. Однако успехи современной хирургии были бы невозможны, если бы не были разработаны методы борьбы с микроорганизмами, которые предотвращают развитие сепсиса при проведении операций. Таким образом, методы, направленные на уничтожение попавших в организм человека микроорганизмов, объединили, и появилось такое понятие, как «антисептика». В данной статье рассмотрены история зарождения и внедрения в медицинскую практику антисептических методов, а также эффективность тех или иных антисептиков в разные периоды развития хирургии. Изучены материалы по применению современных антисептиков и исследована проблема развития антисептики в наши дни. Ключевые слова: антисептика, хирургия, история, обработка ран, инфекция.

Recently, to prevent of surgical site infection, new methods of local antimicrobic prophylaxis have been developed and successfully introduced, which allow to creating high concentrations of antimicrobial drugs in operated tissues and preventing the migration of bacterial flora into the wound. The review describes the main methods used for local impact on microflora and aimed at prophylaxis of surgical site infection. The latter include pre-, intra- and postoperative measures. Optimizing of preoperational methods could be achieved by improving the methods of processing of operating field. Reviews considerable attention is paid to intraoperative measures: the use of surgical gloves with antimicrobial properties, reticulated to implants with antimicrobial properties for tension-free hernioplasty, stage-by-stage surgical wound irrigation with antibacterial drugs during suturing as well as the prospects for the use of bacteriophages in abdominal surgery. To increase the biological tightness of the intestinal suture, some authors propose the use of a biodegradable antibiotic-impregnated implant. The review reflects the possibilities of using biologically active (antimicrobial) sutures, the use of which was very effective at all stages of the operation: from the application of intestinal anastomosis to the skin suture. A wide range of antimicrobial surgical sutures containing antibacterial preparations and made by threads with different biodegradation abilities make, allow us to recommend a differentiated approach to the choice of suture material depending on the stage of surgery and regenerative properties of the sutured tissues. The main measures recommended in the early postoperative period are to cover the wound with special wound coatings preventing the possible contamination and to improve irrigation-aspiration drainage techniques of postoperative wounds.