BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is an emerging role for optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in detecting microvasculature changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aimed to investigate visual functions and OCTA parameters of retinal and choriocapillaris (CC) flow in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without apparent DR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients and age-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. All participants underwent low-luminance visual acuity assessment, OCT, and OCTA. Assessed OCTA parameters included foveal avascular zone area, acircularity index, vessel density (VD), skeletonized density, and CC flow deficits. RESULTS: Low-luminance deficit (LLD) was significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus and correlated with skeletonized density and VD in the superficial vascular plexus (SVP). In the T1DM group, vessel density and skeletonized density were reduced in the SVP and deep capillary plexus. Flow deficits density and the mean size of the flow deficits were increased in patients with T1DM. CONCLUSION: Functional and microvasculature changes were observed at the preclinical stage of DR. Correlation of LLD and OCTA parameters can be a sign of early neurovascular impairment. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2021;52:S30–S34.]
Актуальность. В зарубежной и отечественной литературе растет интерес к выявлению нейродегенеративных изменений, предшествующих микроциркуляторным нарушениям на ранних стадиях диабетической ретинопатии (ДР), однако в большинстве случаев выборки формируются из числа пациентов с сахарным диабетом (СД) 2-го типа или из смешанных групп. Лишь в отдельных работах проводится анализ ранних функциональных и структурных изменений у пациентов без офтальмоскопических признаков ДР. Цель. Оценить зрительные функции и структурные изменения сетчатки у пациентов с СД 1-го типа на доклинической стадии ДР. Материал и методы. В исследование включены 40 глаз 40 пациентов с СД 1-го типа (26,6±6,3 лет, стаж заболевания 11,75±6,1 лет) и 28 глаз 28 здоровых добровольцев (25,3±3,2 лет). Всем участникам проводили оценку контрастной чувствительности, оценку остроты зрения в условиях низкой освещенности (ОЗУНО) и ОКТ макулярной зоны (6×6 мм, DRI OCT Triton, Topcon (Japan) и Copernicus REVO, Optopol (Poland)). Результаты. При оценке контрастной чувствительности значимой разницы между группами не выявлено. Дефицит ОЗУНО был значимо выше в группе СД (0,156±0,049 и 0,106±0,045 по шкале Logmar, p=0,001, t-test). В ходе анализа структурных изменений сетчатки было выявлено статистически значимое снижение слоя нервных волокон (СНВ) в височном секторе перифовеа (22,49 ±1,96 и 23,96±2,13, p=0,007, t-test). Мы также обнаружили значимую корреляцию дефицита ОЗУНО и средней толщины СНВ в перифовеа (-0,416, p=0,014), толщины СНВ в верхнем секторе перифовеа (-0,442, p=0,009), толщины GCL++ в височном секторе перифовеа (- 0,381, p=0,05). Выводы. Описанные результаты демонстрируют снижение зрительных функций в мезопических условиях на доклинической стадии ДР, cопровождающееся изменениям толщины внутренних слоев сетчатки на ОКТ.
Background. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a promising tool for the detection of microvascular impairment at the preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Evaluation of dynamic OCT-A changes and their association with systemic factors can help to reveal early biomarkers of DR progression.Aim: to evaluate time-related OCT-A changes and their association with systemic factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) patients with no apparent DRMaterials and methods. 38 DM1 patients with no apparent DR and 39 healthy volunteers were included in the study. All participants underwent 7-fi eld fundus photography, OCT and OCT-A. We analyzed OCT-A parameters (foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area (mm2), acircularity index (AI), vessel density (VD), skeletonized density (SD)) as well as the results of blood and urea tests.Results. After one year of observation, AI was significantly higher (р = 0.005) and VD0–300 was signifi cantly lower in superfi cial vascular plexus (SVP, p < 0.0001) and deep capillary plexus (DCP, р = 0.032) in DM1 patients. We have also registered a positive correlation between AI and triglycerides (TG) level (r = 0.627, p = 0.007) as well as a negative correlation between ketones and VD (SVP VD0–300: r = –0.695, p = 0.030; intermediate capillary plexus (ICP, VD0–300: r = –0.551, p = 0.041; DCP, VD0–300: r = –0.704, p = 0.003; SVP, VD300–600: r = –0.853, p = 0.001).Conclusions. After one year of observation, we have registered an increase in AI level and a decline in VD in SVP and DCP which can be the earliest signs of DR progression. A signifi cant correlation between these parameters and systemic factors indicates their role as potential DR biomarkers.
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