Aim. The present guidelines intended for primary care physicians are aimed at facilitating early diagnosis of malignant tumours of the digestive system, which can significantly improve the immediate and long-term results of their treatment.General provisions. The guidelines comprise sections devoted to esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and extrahepatic bile duct and gall bladder cancer, as well as pancreatic cancer. Each section contains information on risk factors and precancerous diseases, which allows a physician to identify whether a particular patient falls into the risk group of digestive system neoplasms. It is shown how digestive system cancers can be suspected on the basis of patients’ complaints and past medical history, as well as data obtained both from a direct examination and laboratory instrumental studies. Each section offers practical algorithms in cases of suspected esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and extrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder cancer, as well as pancreatic cancer.Conclusion. The knowledge of clinical manifestations and risk factors in the development of digestive system neoplasms allows a physician to suspect cancer and devise a timely and adequate diagnostic strategy, including laboratory and instrumental studies at specialised clinical centres.

Толстокишечная непроходимость опухолевого генеза продолжает оставаться актуальной проблемой экстренной хирургии. На данный момент в данной ситуации возможно выполнение различных вмешательств. Колоректальное стентирование является предпочтительный методом паллиативной помощи. Однако роль стентирования у пациентов с курабельными или потенциально курабельными опухолями остается неуточненной. В данной обзорной статье представлены данные метаанализов, рандомизированных и когортных исследований, а также рекомендаций, позволяющих определить роль предоперационного колоректального стентирования.

Foreign bodies in the respiratory tract are rare in adults. Clinical manifestations include hemoptysis among other signs which requires the examination to detect tuberculosis and lung cancer. The article describes a clinical case that demonstrates the possibilities of endoscopic diagnostics and treatment in the patient with an X-ray negative foreign body (a cigarette filter) that has been in the lumen of the upper lobar bronchus of the right lung for a long time which caused inflammation in the blocked lobe and mimicking endoscopically central lung cancer.

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