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In the modern world, insects are widely used for scientific and industrial purposes. For their cultivation in the laboratory, various plants have been developed, the main disadvantage of which is poor-quality sorting from garbage. Therefore, the question of cultivating and sorting the larvae of bee moth (Galleria mellonella L.) in laboratory conditions for the purpose of further use as a model object in various fields of biological sciences and medical purposes is relevant. The effect of the temperature gradient and exposure on the movement of G. mellonella larvae from the heated compartment of the plant was determined by their reproduction into the cold by the number of individuals that moved for 10, 15, and 20 minutes at 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 0С, visual counting. At 35 0С, regardless of the exposure time, the larvae remained on a honeycomb frame; at 40 ° C and 45 0С, on average, 11.5% and 31.8% of individuals, respectively, moved. The higher the temperature gradient, the faster the larvae moved into the cold compartment. More larvae passed from the lower frame to it than from the upper one. The difference at a temperature of 45 ° C averaged 2%, 50 0С - 18.7%, 55 0С - 0.4%. The optimum temperature gradient for sorting larvae is 50 ... 55 0С during an exposure of 15 ... 20 minutes, in this case more than 98% of the larvae were transferred to the cold compartment. The use of an infrared electric heating system will optimize the breeding process of G. mellonella larvae and ensure their high-quality sorting

Wax moth is one of the main pests of bee colonies. Bee moth larvae have in their chemical composition many substances that are necessary for the preparation of drugs of the widest range of action. Beekeepers solve the problem of better control of greater wax moths using chemical, biological and other methods. The efficient methods to control Galleria mellonella include physical methods: temperature, radiation, etc. The purpose of this paper is to find the most effective optical radiation for a greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.), in which the productivity of bee colonies is maximally preserved, and unscathed G. mellonella larvae can be used to manufacture pharmaceutical preparations and biologically active supplements. The object of research is the Greater wax moth (eggs, larvae, pupae, and imago). We have developed a structure for determining the attractiveness of the optical radiation of different wavelengths for imago of greater wax moths. We found that the optical radiation in the wavelength range of 400…435 nm is the most attractive because it attracted a greater wax moths and therefore the number of eggs laid under the influence of this light was 1.5…2 times higher compared to radiation 491, 546 and 491 nm.

Based on archival documents Of the Central state archive of the UR, the analysis of the state of beekeeping in the Udmurt ASSR was carried out on the example of Bolsheuchisnky village Council – one of the largest and steadily developing village councils. It was determined that flax and buckwheat were sown as one of the main honey crops. Cannabis crops also occupied a small area. Statistical archive data on the area of legume crops sown on farms of Bolsheuchinsky agricultural district showed that during the second world war there was a 3.8-fold decrease in sown areas. There is a deterioration in the agronomic level, which has affected the level of agricultural production. In a number of collective farms were low yields, increased infestation of fields, there were large losses during harvesting. The reduction of crops was also due to natural and climatic complications. In 1942, the maximum amount of honey (1.4% of the collected amount) was allocated under the expenditure item "to the homeland defense Fund". In the years of the second world war, the item of expenditure on production needs averaged 15%, with the exception of 1944 – 0.2%. Throughout the second world war, honey was distributed to the Fund for assistance to the needy (disabled people and children). creches). During the war period, with an almost stable number of bee colonies in the studied farms, the amount of honey obtained during the studied years was unstable. The minimum peak of honey collection was in 1944 – 181.37 kg due to the cold summer (the average monthly temperature of the summer months was 15-16°C). Probably, this stage of development of beekeeping during the second world war was a kind of test for the strength of both the system of labor organization in the apiary and the professionalism of beekeepers who passed all the tests with "excellent".