In this study, we investigated the influence of soil cultivation method on the productivity and quality of pasture grass fodder. We found that increasing the depth of cultivation from 8–10 cm to 20–22 cm (using surface tillage with disk implements) improved the productivity of all the grass species studied – <em>Phleum pratense</em>, <em>Lolium perenne</em>, <em>Festuca </em><em>orientalis</em>, <em>Dactylis glomerata</em>, <em>Bromus </em><em>inermis</em>, <em>Phalaris arundinacea</em>, <em>Festuca</em><em> </em><em>rubra </em>– by an average of 2%–3% at an LSD<sub>05</sub> of 0.30 t ha<sup>−1</sup>, over a period of 3 years. On average, the most important factor influencing the production of 1 ha of dry mass appeared to be the species of grass, accounting for 57% of the variation. The depth of soil tillage was also important, accounting for 43% of the variation. Of all the species studied, the highest productivity was exhibited by <em>Lolium perenne </em>(0.35 t ha<sup>−1</sup> of dry weight). Increasing the soil cultivation depth led to an increase in the content of crude protein and albumen (0.9%–1.1%). According to the analysis of organic matter content and digestibility of the fodder, across the different depths of soil cultivation, the early ripening species <em>Dactylis glomerata</em>, and the average ripening species <em>Festuca </em><em>orientalis</em>, <em>Lolium perenne</em>, and <em>Bromus </em><em>inermis</em>, performed best. Considering the different depths of soil cultivation, <em>Lolium perenne </em>[154 g; surface tillage (disking) 8–10 cm] and <em>Festuca</em><em> </em><em>orientalis </em>(152 g; ploughing 20–22 cm) provided the most fodder units with digestible protein.
The problem of post-harvest winter rapeseed crops usage influencing siderate and green fodder, oil radish impacting siderate and forage, root and post-harvest remains of winter wheat, and also cattle manure (40 t/ha) influencing the weed littering of maize and grain under conditions of grain-cultivated crop rotation has been revealed by PS of NUBiP of Ukraine - Agronomic research station. It has been proved that the cleanest crops of maize on the typical low-humus and light-loamy black soils remained in the variants where its predecessors were oil radish and winter rape on green fertilizer. Compared to control (root and post-harvest remains of winter wheat), weed amount decreased by 54 and 37% accordingly. Oil radish had a sufficient toxic effect on weeds as it was evidenced by their weight which in this variant decreased under shelf cultivation by 72% and under chisel cultivation - by 61%. Higher yield of maize for both chisel and shelf cultivation was forming in variants with oil radish for siderate and green fodder. The yield increase was 0.3-1.0 under shelf cultivation and 0.7-1.2 t/ha under chisel cultivation.
Productivity and mowing periods of various cereal grasses on sod-podzolic soil of Pre-Carpathians were studied. The presence of sown grasses with different ripeness periods provides uniform supply of mowing mass from the middle of May till late September and productivity of lands, which is 5.4-6.8 t ha -1 of dry mass, exchange energy -44.1-56.8 GJ ha -1 and 3.81-4.87 t ha -1 f.u. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that with increase of tillage depth from 8-10 cm for surface tillage with disk tools to 20-22 cm by plowing, the productivity of all studied species increased by 2-3% on average for three years with fertilization dose of LSD 05 equal to 0.30 t ha -1 . Cultivation of cereal grasses on sod-podzolic soils stipulates improvement of their fertility, in particular increasing indices of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
The article considers one of the most currant concepts which is introduced in modern leading systems of higher education - internationalization. It aims to reveal modern state of internationalization in the sphere of higher education. Study of existing internationalization interpretations enabled us to substantiate the concept and concretize the meaning of HEI at different stages of its development within chronological limits from 1980 to 2021. There was an attempt to trace evolution of the concept and renovate its systematic interpretation. Historical development stages of higher education internationalization have been defined. Understanding of the notion at modern stage has been presented. Conceptual analysis of available research and theoretic scientific papers concerning the problem of internationalization highlighting international experience of educational establishments made it possible to outline the most important phases of higher education internationalization development under conditions of globalization. The results of research can be used for renovating the content of some international disciplines such as «International education» «Comparative pedagogy», «Pedagogy of high school abroad» and others. They also might be appreciated by all parties interested in higher education internationalization. Proposed integral, multifaceted and complete vision of the phenomenon can be worthy for the further in-depth study of various phenomena development in the field of higher education at international level.
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