The article examines the general characteristics and condition of ilmenite and rutile ore mining and titanium sponge and titanium metal production in Russia and the world in the 1990s and 2000s. A range of problems facing the domestic titanium industry is outlined. The Russian defense sector's needs for titanium metal and their potential to be met by the domestic titanium industry are analyzed.
Raw material base of the titanium industryTitanium is found in titanium ores proper as well as in complex ores and concentrates that also include iron, silicon, aluminum, vanadium, zirconium, niobium, scandium, rare earth elements, and a number of others. The main world reserves of titanium are concentrated in complex ores, but existing technologies make it possible to set up production of this metal only from titanium ores, which include rutile, ilmenite, perovskite, loparite, and sphene. Rutile and ilmenite ores, which contain more than 91 percent and 42-70 percent titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), respectively, are the ones of the greatest practical importance.All deposits can be divided into primary and placer deposits. The latter, although they account for less than 20 percent of titanium resources, are more widely used industrially and more mined. China has the most significant volumes of international reserves and reserve base of ilmenite (Figure 1). The four countries with the largest reserves-China, India, South Africa, and Australia-account for 68.6 percent of
Цель исследования, описываемого в данной статье-повышение качества очистки технологических стоков. Это достигается внедрением установки флотационной очистки. В результате наблюдается снижение концентрации загрязняющих веществ в стоках до предельно допустимых значений при существенном снижение платы за загрязнение окружающей среды. Ключевые слова: производство пищевых продуктов; загрязнение окружающей среды; метод флотационной очистки.
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