The aim of the investigation was to study a phase portrait, electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes (EPME), and clinical and laboratory blood indices in patients with various types of diseases. Materials and Methods. A phase portrait, EPME, and clinical and laboratory blood indices have been studied in patients with cardiovascular, bronchopulmonary, gynecological, and gastroenterological diseases. The phase portrait was investigated using laser interferometry technique, EPME was determined by microelectrophoresis. The clinical and laboratory indices included counting the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, measurements of hemoglobin content and ESR by means of standard clinical methods. The phase portrait and EPME were studied under the action of adrenaline and cortisol in experiments in vitro. Results. Using laser interferometry, phase images of erythrocytes in cardiovascular, gastroenterological, bronchopulmonary, and gynecological diseases have been obtained. The analysis of the gallery of erythrocyte phase images has shown that alterations were unidirectional in all types of pathologies and were characterized by the increase of echinocyte number. The morphological modification of erythrocytes correlated with EPME changes and clinical and laboratory blood indices and reflected the degree of stress and triggering of adaptive processes in the course of the conducted therapy. Influence of stress-realizing systems has been confirmed by the in vitro experiments under the action of adrenaline and cortisol. Conclusion. Indices of EPME and erythrocyte phase portrait obtained with the help of the current techniques of cellular microelectrophoresis and laser interferometry provide the opportunity to obtain new information on the internal structure of cytoobjects without special preparations of specimens and contrast or fluorescent probes. These indices may be applied for quantitative characteristic of the stress reaction degree and the development of adaptive processes which is of great importance for the transition to personified medicine.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the electrophoretic mobility of red blood cells (RBCs), cytomorphological and cytogenetical indices in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells of rats during the development of stress reaction. Experiments were carried out on 60 white non-pedigree pubescent rats weighing 180-220 g. For stress modeling, the animals of experimental groups received a single intraperitoneal injection of epinephrine hydrochloride solution (0.1 mg/kg) or injections for 3 days of the experiment. Both the single and the repeated adrenalin injections provoked a decrease in the level of the RBC electrophoretic mobility. With a single adrenalin injection, the changes in RBC electrophoretic mobility are not so abrupt, with the subsequent development of the adaptive response and reparation of cytogenetic damage. With repeated adrenalin injections, the changes in RBC electrophoretic mobility are abrupt, and the number of pathological epithelial cells increases.

Morphological and biochemical changes in RBCs of cattle suffered a technology stress and its correction by LILT are analyzed in the paper. The study object was the whole blood of physiologically healthy black-and-white cows suffered a technology stress and the blood of not stressed animals. The blood of experimented animals was and then we studied the RBC electrophoretic mobility, the MDA concentration in RBCs, the RBC membrane protein spectrum and the RBC morphology. Negative processes provoked by stress such as the RBC electrophoretic mobility decrease, the lipid peroxidation intensification, and the increase of RBC pathological forms was stopped by LILT. After the LILT the protein number in RBC membranes of stressed animals restored to the control group value.

The aim of the investigation was to study the corrective action of low-intensity laser radiation on the in vitro morphofunctional state of stressed erythrocytes using interference microscopy. Materials and Methods. Blood samples of intact and stressed rats exposed to low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) were studied in experiments in vitro. The wavelength of LILR radiation was 890 nm. Erythrocyte morphology was studied using laser interference microscopy, malondialdehyde and adenosine triphosphate concentrations were assessed spectrophotometrically. Results. The action of LILR was found to cause no significant changes in the discoid form of erythrocytes and cellular metabolic processes, though it resulted in the appearance of projections on the surface. Exposure to stress promoted a decrease in discocyte count and a significant increase in echinocytes, stomatocytes and degenerative forms of cells with altered microrelief, which was combined with an increase in oxidation processes. The effect of LILR on blood samples of stressed animals led to a decrease in pathological forms of erythrocytes and restoration of cell surface architectonics.

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