Quantitative estimation of intraoperative blood loss volume in surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis with patient's positioning ensuring complete decompression of the anterior abdominal wall. Material and Methods. Results of surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis in 122 patients who underwent surgery involving skeletal traction and posterior correction with hybrid instrumentation in the prone position were analyzed. Posterior correction in 60 patients from Group I was performed on a standard orthopedic table, and in 62 patients from Group II-on a modular operating table for spinal surgery providing complete decompression of the anterior abdominal wall. Results. The studied parameters in groups were as follows: deformity magnitude-54.7° ± 16,3° in Group I vs 61.5° ± 19.4° in Group II, the length of the posterior spinal fusion-12.5 ± 1.1 vs 12.8 ± 0.9 segments, the number of levels in transpedicular fixation-4.1 ± 1.1 vs 4.2 ± 1.8, and surgery duration-169.4 ± 30.3 min vs 159.0 ± 31.6 min, respectively. The volume of intraoperative blood loss showed significant difference between groups: 1024.9 ± 409.2 ml (28.6 ± 12.3 % of circulating blood) in Group I, and 595.2 ± 208.6 ml (16.7 ± 6.2 % of circulating blood) in Group II. Conclusion. Complete decompression of the anterior abdominal wall during surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis allowed reducing intraoperative blood loss by 41.6 % and ensuring the absence of indications for blood transfusion in 48.4 % of operated patients.

To analyze morphological features of tissue structures (bone and muscle tissue) and their correlation with osteodensitometry data for predicting the volume of intraoperative blood loss in surgery for idiopathic scoliosis. Material and Methods. Articular processes of vertebrae and fragments of muscle tissue obtained from 50 patients undergoing surgery for idiopathic scoliosis were investigated. All patients underwent osteodensitometry before surgery. Data on the volume of intraoperative blood loss were analyzed. Results. Morphologic study of specimens (n = 21) revealed significant features: atrophy of bone trabeculae with irregular arrangement of osteocytes, widening of intertrabecular spaces, large number of hemosiderophages in the bone marrow, absence of the process of osteogenesis, atrophy of muscle fibers, and enlarged thin-walled vessels. Intraoperative blood loss in patients with these observations-from 30 to 50 % of total blood volume, and osteodensitometry revealed osteoporosis. The study found a weak correlation between indicators of bone density and volume of intraoperative blood loss. Conclusion. Morphological changes in bone and muscle tissue in patients with idiopathic scoliosis are risk factors for massive blood loss in surgery for scoliosis. Findings of preoperative osteodensitometry may be an indirect predictor of the volume of intraoperative blood loss.

Abstract. Introduction. Nowadays the world is on the cusp of major changes. The eastern market is becoming much more popular, important and powerful for the international community. India and China are already openly fighting for world domination through the dynamic growth of their own economic and military potential. It should be noted that, it was important for a detailed analysis of the economies of these eastern countries not only to process statistics, but also to take into account traditions and culture. Purpose. The main idea of this article is to understand clearly the aspects of further development of the world economy and to identify economic risks and trends, analyzing the following macroeconomic indicators of eastern giants’ countries. Results. A detailed analysis of the dynamics of GDP’s changes over the past 5 years was conducted and once again emphasized the power of these national economics that has only grown in recent decades. The importance of initiatives and innovations, creating by the eastern neighbors for the world community, was highlighted through a determination of the role of India and China in the integration international associations and study of the attracted investments. The interdependence of the world’s market and the eastern market of India and China was considered, a detailed breakdown of exports and imports of goods and services was carried out and that gives us the opportunity to identify the most important and most powerful groups of goods for today. Conclusions. The study identified similar aspects of the development of emerging economies such as India and China, which were supported by reports from objective sources of statistical information. Determining the macroeconomic situation of the next national economies allowed us to explain how the COVID-19 pandemic changed the action plan of the studied countries, to find weaknesses of strong enough economies, and also to make certain predictions about the future world market.

Introduction. The war of historical narratives is being waged on many levels and in diff erent planes – political, ideological, scientifi c, etc. At the state level, it is implemented as a tool of memory policy. Until a few years ago, the possibility, expediency and ethics of this struggle by legal means, in particular by legislative means, were subject to reasonable doubts. Today, commemorative laws are not only the subject of historiosophical debates about their ethics, but legal reality, moreover, the one of the main battlefi elds for competing historical ideologies and narratives. The aim of the article is to formulate an understanding of memory laws as an modern phenomenon, closely related to public policy in the fi eld of security, information and memory, in the fi eld of both internal and external relations. Conclusions. The duality of the essence of memory laws has caused the opposition of assessments of this phenomenon. One can hear that commemorative laws are an absolute evil, that they are a mask of populism and contribute to the liberalization of power and the erosion of fundamental democratic rights. At the same time, modern society exists in a determined world, and the strengthening of military activity of one state does not lead to the disarmament of others – on the contrary, we see an increase in military capabilities. If neighboring states regulate historical memory by law, this regulation is not limited to state borders, and therefore, in the absence of their own adequately protected historical narrative, they directly aff ect the historical memory of Ukrainian society as well, and therefore its identity. What should be the measures to protect identity from the aggressive infl uences of information policy – these questions are only before modern researchers and believe that they should be considered in the context of measures to protect against information infl uences in today’s globalized world and the information society as a whole. Key words: memory laws, memory politic, Ukraine.

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