The aim is to identify reserves for reducing of children and adolescents mortality from injuries, poisoning and some other external causes consequences, to determine possible ways of reducing. Materials and methods. An analysis of official statistics and a special epidemiological study (NMIC in 30 constituent entities of the Russian Federation) of child mortality from external reasons was carried out. Results. The analysis of official statistics showed an increase in the share of external causes in the structure of mortality of the child population of the Russian Federation of all age groups, among which a large part are injuries without clarification, which may be due to difficulties in assessing the causes of children death from accidents. The next ranking places for children are traffic accidents and drowning, and for teenagers - suicides and traffic accidents. Gender and regional features of accident mortality are presented. Attention was drawn to the importance of injuries with uncertain intentions in assessing the causes of child death. The epidemiological study results were comparable to official data. Conclusion. Features of children mortality from external causes should be taken into account when forming measures for its prevention. The improvement of medical care system for the children population should be carried out through implementation of effective modern technologies of medical and social support and taking into account the principles of intersectoral and interdepartmental cooperation.