The priority problem of various industrial and developing countries, which largely determine the health of the population and, above all, older age groups, is currently eye diseases. Most modern researchers consider age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataracts to be eye diseases. Socially significant eye diseases have a high prevalence and are the leading cause of blindness in various countries. Authors analyzed the prevalence of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts according to domestic and foreign publications in recent years. The results of the studies considered in the scientific review indicate a continuing gain in socially significant eye diseases, the frequency of which increases with age. The high incidence of the studied pathology is observed in China, India, and Russia. The study shows socially significant eye diseases to be the most critical problem in various countries, including the Russian Federation. The relevance of this pathology will increase due to the ongoing aging of the population and an increase in their share in the demographic structure of many states. The high prevalence of age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma leads to an increase in the number of people on the planet with complete or partial vision loss, which significantly disrupts their social functioning and requires significant financial costs for treatment and ensuring an acceptable level and quality of life. The data presented in the review and obtained results are of practical importance for the organization of monitoring of eye diseases and the development of an appropriate state and health strategy.
Синдром старческой астении у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией (АГ) является малоизученной проблемой современной медицины и геронтологии. Цель - изучение синдрома старческой астении у пациентов 60-74 лет с АГ и связей с изменениями липидтранспортной системы. Проведено обследование 205 пациентов в возрасте 60-74 лет с эссенциальной АГ 1-3 степени и 188 пациентов такого же возраста с отсутствием АГ. Синдром старческой астении выявлялся на основании валидированного опросника «Возраст не помеха». Показатели липидного обмена изучались на анализаторе «KoneLab 300». Синдром старческой астении диагностировался у 81,0% пациентов с АГ и у 55,9% пожилых пациентов без АГ. Среди пациентов 60-74 лет с АГ статистически значимо выше распространённость выраженной старческой астении, составившая 10,2% против 4,3% в контрольной группе. Оценка гериатрического статуса пациентов по величине индекса старческой астении выявила у пациентов 60-74 лет с АГ выраженную старческую астению, а у пациентов того же возраста с отсутствием АГ - умеренную старческую астению. Установлена умеренная прямая достоверная связь уровня ЛПНП с наличием хронических заболеваний (r=+0,382) по индексу старческой астении в основной группе и средние прямые связи индекса массы тела с уровнем триглицеридов и коэффициентом атерогенности. АГ статистически значимо увеличивает частоту синдрома старческой астении в пожилом возрасте Senile asthenia syndrome in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) is a little-studied problem of modern medicine and gerontology.Aim- to study the syndrome of senile asthenia in patients 60-74 years old with hypertension and the relationship with changes in the lipid transport system.205 patients aged 60-74 years with essential hypertension of 1-3 degrees and 188 patients of the same age with no hypertension were examined. Senile asthenia Syndrome was detected on the basis of a validated questionnaire "Age is not a hindrance". Lipid metabolism parameters were studied using the KoneLab 300 analyzer.Senile asthenia syndrome was diagnosed in 81.0% of patients with hypertension and 55.9% of elderly patients without hypertension. Among patients aged 60-74 years with hypertension, the prevalence of severe senile asthenia was significantly higher, amounting to 10.2% compared to 4.3% in the control group. Assessment of the geriatric status of patients by the value of the senile asthenia index revealed severe senile asthenia in patients 60-74 years old with hypertension, and moderate senile asthenia in patients of the same age with no hypertension. There was a moderate direct reliable relationship of LDL level with the presence of chronic diseases (r=+0.382) according to the senile asthenia index in the main group and average direct links of body mass index with the level of triglycerides and the coefficient of atherogenicity. AH significantly increases the frequency of senile asthenia syndrome in the elderly
В современных условиях возрастная макулярная дегенерация, сочетанная с катарактой, выступает ведущей причиной потери зрения в пожилом возрасте и может способствовать развитию когнитивных и тревожно-депрессивных нарушений, которые практически не изучены для данного контингента. Цель работы: изучение когнитивных нарушений и тревожно-депрессивных расстройств у больных возрастной макулярной дегенерацией и катарактой пожилого возраста. Обследовано 125 больных 60-74 лет с возрастной макулярной дегенерацией, сочетанной с катарактой, на базе Тамбовского филиала МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза имени академика С.Н. Фёдорова». Контролем служили 74 больных аналогичного возраста без возрастной макулярной дегенерации. Были оценены тревожность - по тесту Спилбергера-Ханина, депрессивный статус по шкале Center for Epidenuologic Studies-Depression. Достоверность различий определяли по критерию U-Манна-Уитни. Установлено, что среди пациентов пожилого возраста с возрастной макулярной дегенерацией, сочетанной с катарактой, выявлены когнитивный дефицит, средний уровень личностной тревожности, значительный удельный вес со средним уровнем и повышенным уровнем личностной тревожности, расстройства депрессивного характера, а в контроле - низкий уровень тревожности и отсутствие в целом депрессивных нарушений. Возрастная макулярная дегенерация увеличивает частоту когнитивных и тревожно-депрессивных нарушений In modern conditions, age-related macular degeneration, combined with cataracts, is the leading cause of vision loss in old age and can contribute to the development of cognitive and anxiety-depressive disorders, which are practically not studied for this population. Objective: to study cognitive impairment and anxiety-depressive disorders in elderly patients with age-related macular degeneration and cataracts. 125 patients aged 60-74 years with age-related macular degeneration combined with cataract were examined at the Tambov branch of the academician S. N. Fedorov eye microsurgery. The control group consisted of 74 patients of the same age without age-related macular degeneration. Anxiety was assessed using the spielberger-Hanin test, and depressive status was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. The significance of differences was determined by the U-Mann-Whitney criterion. It was found that among elderly patients with age-related macular degeneration combined with cataracts, cognitive deficits, an average level of personal anxiety, a significant proportion with an average level and an increased level of personal anxiety, depressive disorders were detected, and in the control group - a low level of anxiety and the absence of depressive disorders in General. Age-related macular degeneration increases the frequency of cognitive and anxiety-depressive disorders
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