The most important stage in the production of tinctures and aromatic alcohols is the extraction process. The paper aims to study the process of extracting target compounds from fruit and berry raw materials for the production of alcoholic tinctures. The research was carried out using a Soxhlet extractor. The experimental results were processed using the method of multiple regression analysis. As a result of processing the experimental data, the optimal technological regime parameters for the production of aromatic cranberry alcoholic tincture were selected. The cranberry tinctures produced at these parameters have a high content of target substances and reach maximum scores for taste, aroma and color. The obtained regression equations allow predetermining the quality of the resulting drink with a confidentiality of more than 90%. The use of the Soxhlet extractor allowed reducing the duration of the preparation of the cranberry tincture to 15 minutes, which is by times different from the classic method of tincture production. The use of the Soxhlet extractor allows reducing the consumed amount of solvent and raw materials, due to the almost maximum rate of the extraction. All this, in turn, affects the cost of the final product and the costs of the manufacturer.
Настоящая статья посвящена обзору и анализу существующих методов математического моделиро-вания процессов концентрирования на мембранных аппаратах с отводом поляризационного слоя. Указаны общие принципы построения кибернетических моделей и получения передаточных функций. Описаны ин-формационные схемы разработанных ранее математических моделей, их достоинства и недостатки. Пред-ложена новая модель процесса мембранного концентрирования, дополненная не учтенными ранее входными воздействиями, возмущающими воздействиями, выходными параметрами и обратной связью. Это позволяет оперативно вносить необходимые изменения в значения возмущающих воздействий в результате несоответ-ствия полученных значений выходных параметров диапазонам допустимых значений параметров, либо при-ближения к границам этих диапазонов. Проведен анализ дальнейших перспектив развития математического моделирования мембранных процессов с использованием элементов теории автоматического управления. Science and Technology, Kemerovo, e-mail: ketsn.kem@gmail.com This article provides an overview and analysis of existing methods of modeling the processes of concentration on the membrane device with a tap of the polarization layer. The general principles of cybernetic models, obtaining transfer functions are shown. Information schemes of available models, their advantages and disadvantages are described. A new model of the membrane concentration, supplemented with new input and output parameters and feedback. This allows to quickly make the necessary changes in the value of disturbances resulting from inconsistency of output parameters value to the range of acceptable values or approaching to the limits of these ranges. The analysis of further prospects of developing the mathematical modeling of membrane processes has. Kemerovo Institute of Food Keywords: cybernetic simulation, transfer functions, membrane concentration, polarization layerМоделирование и расчет аппаратов и установок составляют один из основных этапов внедрения технологического обо-рудования в производственный процесс. Простота методов моделирования и расче-та сокращает время пуска технологической линии, что, в свою очередь, позволяет уско-рить получение прибыли.Методы кибернетики позволяют не только сократить путь перехода от лабора-торного стола к промышленной реализа-ции, но и резко уменьшить число необходи-мых опытов, быстро выявить оптимальный вариант осуществления изучаемого про-цесса. Кроме того, кибернетические методы моделирования можно считать универсаль-ными для множества различных процессов. Использование передаточных функций по-зволяет описывать динамические свойства системы практически любой структуры и сложности. Единственный недостаток -полученное описание не отражает физи-ческие закономерности процесса. Однако именно это позволяет связать в единую систему модели различных процессов, раз-личных по физической основе.Кибернетический подход целесообраз-но использовать при описании мембранных методов. Достаточно актуальным является математическое моделирование процесса мембранн...
Introduction. Vegetable raw materials have always been and still remain the main raw material for obtaining extracts. The extraction process is the most important stage during the production of extracts and aromatic spirits. The research objective was to study the extraction process of the target substances from fruit and berry raw materials for the production of alcoholic extracts. Study objects and methods. The study featured cranberries, which are widespread in Siberia and have many useful properties. Cranberries are rich in vitamins C, B1, B2, B5, B6, PP and rarer vitamin K1. The studies were conducted using a Soxhlet extractor. The experimental results were processed using the method of multiple regression analysis. The research also exploited generally accepted methods for assessing the quality of samples of alcoholic beverages. Results and discussion. The experiments made it possible to define the optimal technological regime parameters for the production of aromatic cranberry extract. The maximum values of all three processing parameters exerted the greatest effect on the dry matter content in cranberry extract. The recommended conditions resulted in a cranberry extract with a high content of target components. The presented mathematical description of the extraction process in the Soxhlet extractor makes it possible to preliminarily determine the quality indicators of the resulting beverage at the onset of production. Control experiments conducted under these conditions confirmed the calculated values. Conclusion. By using a Soxhlet extractor, the preparation time for alcoholic cranberry extract was reduced to 20 minutes, which differs by one order of magnitude from the classical infusion production method. The Soxhlet extractor made it possible to use less solvent and raw materials, due to the almost maximum completeness of extraction of the target components of fruit and berry raw materials. This fact is bound to decrease the production expenses and the cost of the final product.
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