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The diagnosis of oLP with obscure extra-oral signs is challenging, with dental surgeons playing a key role in its establishment.

Endoscopically assisted open reduction and internal fixation has cumulate advantages over both open and closed techniques. Even though, this approach had not become popular. The study intended to summarize the outcomes and complications from the first 12 consecutive cases of sub condylar fractures that treated by endoscope and trans-buccal trocar. All patients experienced improvement in mouth opening. No postoperative malocclusion was noticed. The learning curve was assessed subjectively regarding the use of the endoscope and objectively by operating time reduction. The significant decrease in operating time and the ease of handling the endoscope were already noticed after the 5th operation. The mean time for endoscopically assisted open reduction and internal fixation in our study was 180 minutes, which was the same as for external approaches open reduction and internal fixation for sub-condylar fracture cases. No special designed instruments except an endoscope and a trans-buccal trocar were used. We can conclude that the learning curve for this technique is not as steep as it was thought to be, and it can be mastered after a relatively small number of operations. There is no difference in mean operation time comparing to external approaches. No need for special designed instruments.

The popularity of electric-motorized bicycles (E-bikes) has increased dramatically over the past few years. As a result, E-bike--associated injuries are quickly becoming a substantial issue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the epidemiology and general nature of these injuries, with special attention to craniofacial trauma. This was a retrospective study of 84 E-bike riders who suffered from trauma and treated at our level 1 trauma center between the years 2014 and 2018. The information consisted of demographics, characteristics of injury, Injury Severity Score, and number of hospitalization days. Regarding craniofacial trauma, the mean age was 22.7 years. Data about helmet usage was missing. The most common cause of injuries in maxillofacial region, was falling (80%). The most prevalent injury in the maxillofacial region was fractures of the zygomatic complex with the orbit (33%) and soft tissue lacerations. There is little data regarding craniofacial trauma attributed to electric-motorized bicycle accidents. In Israel there are a lot of young adults and teenagers that use E-bikes as an economical solution for mobility. Education regarding road behavior and the proper use of protective measures such as wearing a helmet can reduce significantly overall injuries and cranio-facial trauma in particular.

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