This retrospective study suggests an association between diabetes, perhaps mediated through microvascular complications, and the development of BRONJ.

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Endoscopically assisted open reduction and internal fixation has cumulate advantages over both open and closed techniques. Even though, this approach had not become popular. The study intended to summarize the outcomes and complications from the first 12 consecutive cases of sub condylar fractures that treated by endoscope and trans-buccal trocar. All patients experienced improvement in mouth opening. No postoperative malocclusion was noticed. The learning curve was assessed subjectively regarding the use of the endoscope and objectively by operating time reduction. The significant decrease in operating time and the ease of handling the endoscope were already noticed after the 5th operation. The mean time for endoscopically assisted open reduction and internal fixation in our study was 180 minutes, which was the same as for external approaches open reduction and internal fixation for sub-condylar fracture cases. No special designed instruments except an endoscope and a trans-buccal trocar were used. We can conclude that the learning curve for this technique is not as steep as it was thought to be, and it can be mastered after a relatively small number of operations. There is no difference in mean operation time comparing to external approaches. No need for special designed instruments.

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