2. ДИАГНОСТИКА ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ ИЛИ СОСТОЯНИЯ (ГРУППЫ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ИЛИ СОСТОЯНИЙ), МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ПОКАЗАНИЯ И ПРОТИВОПОКАЗАНИЯ К ПРИМЕНЕНИЮ МЕТОДОВ ДИАГНОСТИКИ 2.1 ЖАЛОБЫ И АНАМНЕЗ 2.2 ФИЗИКАЛЬНОЕ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЕ 2.3 ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ 2.4 ИНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ 2.5 ИНЫЕ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ 3. ЛЕЧЕНИЕ, ВКЛЮЧАЯ МЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНУЮ И НЕМЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНУЮ ТЕРАПИИ, ДИЕТОТЕРАПИЮ, ОБЕЗБОЛИВАНИЕ, МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ПОКАЗАНИЯ И ПРОТИВОПОКАЗАНИЯ К ПРИМЕНЕНИЮ МЕТОДОВ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ 3.1 ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКИЕ ЦЕЛИ 3.1.1 Показатели контроля углеводного обмена (индивидуальные цели лечения) 3.1.2 Целевые уровни показателей липидного обмена 3.1.3 Целевые уровни показателей артериального давления 3.2 КОНТРОЛЬ УРОВНЯ ГЛЮКОЗЫ 3.3 НЕМЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ 3.3.1 Рекомендации по питанию 3.3.2 Рекомендации по физической активности 3.4 МЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ 3.4.1 Общие принципы медикаментозной терапии 3.4.2 Инсулинотерапия 3.5 ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ
Introduction. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in combination with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) are characterized by more severe CHD and poor prognosis. Resent data indicate microRNAs (miRNAs) as important participants in the pathogenesis of various pathological conditions, including obesity, T2DM and CVD.The aim of this study was to determine expression of miRNAs associated with the development of CHD, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in a patients with T2DM and obesity Materials and methods. 42 patients with 1-2 degrees obesity and diagnosed T2DM were divided into 2 groups. The first group with CHD, the second group - without CHD. 9 miRNAs were evaluated: miRNA-1, miRNA-21, miRNA-26a, m miRNA-27, miRNA-33a, miRNA-33b, miRNA-133a, miRNA-133b, miRNA-208.Results and discussion. Significant differences were found in expression of miRNA-21, miRNA-26a, miRNA27a. An increased expression of miRNA-21, miRNA-27a was found in patients CHD while the expression of miRNA-26a was reduced in comparison with the group without CHD.Conclusion. The results of this study may be an initial step for the detection of molecular basis in CHD pathogenesis in these patients by quantifying miRNA expression. Introduction. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Patients with coronary heartdisease (CHD) in combination with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) are characterized by more severe CHD and poor prognosis. Resent data indicate microRNAs (miRNAs) as important participants in the pathogenesis of various pathological conditions, including obesity, T2DM and CVD.The aim of this study was to determine expression of miRNAs associated with the development of CHD, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in a patients with T2DM and obesity Materials and methods. 42 patients with 1-2 degrees obesity and diagnosed T2DM were divided into 2 groups. The first group with CHD, the second group - without CHD. 9 miRNAs were evaluated: miRNA-1, miRNA-21, miRNA-26a, m miRNA-27, miRNA-33a, miRNA-33b, miRNA-133a, miRNA-133b, miRNA-208.Results and discussion. Significant differences were found in expression of miRNA-21, miRNA-26a, miRNA27a. An increased expression of miRNA-21, miRNA-27a was found in patients CHD while the expression of miRNA-26a was reduced in comparison with the group without CHD.Conclusion. The results of this study may be an initial step for the detection of molecular basis in CHD pathogenesis in these patients by quantifying miRNA expression.
Cardiovascular abnormalities associated with morbid obesity include cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac dilatation, diastolic dysfunction. Also obesity predispose to numerous cardiac complications such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, and sudden death. The cardiovascular clinical evaluation of obese patients may be limited by morphological changes, which are specific for increased amount of body fat mass. The incidence of sudden and unexplained death in morbid obesity may be a manifestation of occult cardiovascular disease in this population.
ОсложненияComplications нижение вариабельности сердечного ритма (ВСР) является предиктором внезапной сер-дечной смерти, что было известно китайским врачам уже в третьем веке нашей эры: «Если пульс регу-лярен, как стук дятла или капель дождя о крышу, то па-циент умрет в течение четырех дней». В отечественной литературе до последнего времени изменения сердеч-ной мышцы у пациентов с нарушением углеводного об-мена именовали диабетической дистрофией миокарда, что было предложено еще в 1935 г. Лангом Г.Ф. [1]. ЭпидемиологияАнализ результатов эпидемиологических исследова-ний диабетической автономной нейропатии затруднен в связи с различием критериев отбора пациентов и ме-тодов исследования, что ведет к существенной разнице полученных результатов [2].Фактическая распространенность диабетической кардиоваскулярной автономной нейропатии (ДКАН) не установлена. Признается, что она зависит от воз-
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