1 кафедра технологии бродильных и сахаристых производств, Воронеж. гос. ун-т инж. технол., пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия Реферат. Так как в настоящее время свои потребности в пектине кондитерские и фармацевтические предприятия России удовлетворяют лишь частично, благодаря импорту этого продукта, то проблема производства отечественного пектина в данный момент очень актуальна. Сахарное производство является одной из материалоёмких отраслей промышленного производства, требующих значительного количества сырья в расчёте на единицу выпускаемой продукции. Положительной особенностью свекловичного сырья является содержание протопектина в нём (98% от общей суммы пектиновых веществ), что обусловливает технологические параметры извлечения этого целевого продукта. Высушенный свекловичный жом, поступающий со склада, измельчают для интенсификации процессов извлечения пектиновых веществ; далее жом подвергается гидролизу; полученная смесь направляется в фильтр-прессы для проведения грубой и тонкой очистки экстракта. Прогидролизованный жом после нейтрализации направляют на корм скоту. Экстракт тонкой фильтрации поступает на очистку. После очистки экстракт поступает для осаждения пектина. Затем его измельчают, очищают и высушивают. Высушенный пектин упаковывают и направляют на хранение. Предлагаемая технологическая схема позволит получать свекловичный пектин, удовлетворяющий требованиям, предъявляемым к пектиновым веществам пищевого и медицинского назначения. Были проведены исследования по получению пектиновых веществ из сушёного жома. Полученный пектин по органолептическим показателям имел серый оттенок, что, негативно влияло на качество продукта. В качестве сырья использовался жом, который высушивался с помощью дымовых газов. Для сравнения был получен пектин из сушёного жома, в качестве теплоносителя которого использовался пар. Пектин, полученный из такого жома, имел более высокие качественные показатели.
In recent years, the annual processing of sugar beet in Russia is 45 million tons or more, which allows to produce white sugar in the amount of 6.0 million tons or more. during the production season, the quality of beets does not remain constant – not only its sugar content changes, but also the content of harmful soluble non-sugars, as well as physical and chemical parameters - the mass of root crops decreases due to wilting, reducing turgor, respiration and germination, rotten mass appears as a result of microbiological and enzymatic processes and the formation of foci of mucous bacteriosis. One of the main tasks of improving the diffusion process is to increase the elasticity of beet tissue and reduce the intensity of the transition of pectin substances into the diffusion juice. This goal is achieved by using effective chemical reagents in the composition of the feed water introduced into the diffusion apparatus, as well as processing of beet chips immediately before the sucrose extraction process; reducing the temperature of desugarisation of beet pulp in the diffusion apparatus in the allowable interval. The method of intensification of sucrose extraction using the method of treatment of feed water in an electric field is proposed. Improvement of the dispersed composition of the resulting sediment particles is facilitated by the return to the preliming of the carbonate suspension of juice II saturation, carried out using an activated suspension of filter perlite. The homogeneity of calcium carbonate particles and correspondingly high filtration rates of saturation juice are formed due to the active circuit of the internal circulation of the juice. The use of the proposed recommendations during the implementation of technological processes in their implementation in modern equipment of the diffusion process and purification of the obtained juice allow to minimize the negative consequences of beet processing both at the initial stage of the production season when technically not ripe root crops are received, and during the end of the season when processing raw materials of reduced quality.
The article discusses the concepts of continuous vacuum apparatus operation: vertical VKT (VKT – Verdampfungs-Kristallisations-Turm) and horizontal cascade of VKH vacuum apparatus (VKH —horizontal vacuum pan) from BMA (Germany). The advantages and features of the vertical continuous vacuum apparatus VKT are shown, as well as the possibilities for increasing the efficiency of the product department of sugar factories. Thanks to the special design of the crystallization chambers, the low massecuite level above the heating chamber and the use of mechanical stirrers in each chamber, the VKT apparatus can operate without difficulty with a very small temperature difference between heating steam and massecuite, as well as with an absolute heating steam pressure well below 1 bar. With optimal use of VKT vacuum apparatus, a variety of energy-saving schemes can be implemented, for example, double-effect evaporation in the crystallization section. Part of the secondary crystallization steam is used to heat one of the VKT units, which saves the heating steam of the evaporator unit used for this purpose. With an increase in the productivity of the sugar factory, it is possible to quickly equip the VKT apparatus with an additional chamber. The device works continuously throughout the season, especially with products with massecuite purity of more than 94%. The chambers are cleaned without stopping the entire apparatus. The boiling of massecuite of all stages of crystallization in VKT devices ensures a uniform operating mode of the food compartment, allows to achieve an increase in sugar yield and helps to reduce steam consumption at the plant.
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