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The article is devoted to identifying current trends and prospects for the development of legislation of the Russian Federation on environmental emergencies in the context of changing and exponentially increasing environmental, industrial and biological threats and risks. Based on the results of the analysis of the current legislation, the conclusion is proved, according to which there is currently no appropriate regulatory and methodological framework that allows you to quickly take into account, identify and classify all possible signs and conditions for attributing certain threats and risks to an emergency of a natural, man-made, and, in particular, biological nature, in particular, in the case of epidemics. To solve the existing problems, the authors propose a number of measures to improve the current legislation on emergency situations, including by preventing (reducing the risk) of environmental disasters, emergencies, as well as eliminating their consequences by implementing a set of measures to improve the disturbed territories.

The paper is devoted to the study of theoretical problems of legal provision of ecological, biosphere and genetic security in the system of national security of the Russian Federation. It is noted that from the legal point of view the process of «legitimization» of the term (concept) of environmental safety has been successfully completed. This term is widely used in legislation and law enforcement practice, however, the term «environmental safety» still does not have a pronounced context, distinguishable, for example, from the terms «environmental protection», «environmental risk», «sustainable development». If there is a legitimate (conservative) understanding of environmental safety, there is still no modern legal and clear, unambiguous and essential content of the concept of «safety» (including genetic, biological, biosphere, evolutionary and other currently relevant types of safety). Attempts to define safety (along with vulnerability) through threats, damages, stability, losses, have the right to exist, but do not give adequate and substantial sense. Based on the analysis of the current legislation and strategic planning documents, it is concluded that new theoretical and methodological approaches to the understanding of both the basic concept of «safety» and the concept of «environmental safety» are required. According to the authors, due to the emergence of new global challenges and threats (genetic, biosphere, biological, climatic, etc.) in a specific law it is advisable to revise the underlying definition of environmental safety, stressing its specificity. It is important to form the conceptual framework, including the definition and assessment of threats, risks; to select standards and methods of evaluation, classification of threats, their records; to provide for the variability of action of state authorities and local self-government in case of security threats and also the mechanism of participation of citizens and public associations in environmental decision-making on issues of environmental safety.

The article is devoted to the examination of the problems of providing support for ecological safety of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation when genomic technologies are being implemented. Relying on the results of the analysis of core documents of the state strategic planning, normative legal acts, programs and plans defining strategic determinations of socio-economic development of the Arctic zone, as well as normative legal acts regulating genomic technologies, the authors determine the main threats (risks) to ensuring ecological safety of the region, analyze potential economic and environmental possibilities for the application of certain genomic technologies with due regard to the vulnerable ecosystem of the Arctic.

Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются правовые проблемы совершенствования государственной политики и стратегического планирования природопользования в Арктике. По результатам исследования действующих документов государственного стратегического планирования доказывается вывод о том, что для Арктики особую роль должны представлять акты (стратегии) пространственного развития, которые должны одновременно учитывать экономические аспекты развития посредством создания «экосистемного управления человеческой деятельностью», а также экологические аспекты, предусматривающие правовые возможности сохранения арктической экосистемы при осуществлении природопользования, учитывающие все арктические угрозы и вызовы при реализации основных направлений развития арктического региона.