Current study was aimed at investigating prevalence of overt and occult hepatitis B infection in HIV-positive individuals as well as molecular-epidemiological characteristics of the circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). A total number of 297 blood serum/plasma samples obtained from HIV-positive patients residing in the FEFD were enrolled in the study. The first control group included 351 blood serum/plasma samples of general population without indication on HIV and HBV-infection that underwent laboratory check up at the Centers for AIDS Prevention and Control. After evaluating the group of HIV-positive patients 20 HIV-HBV positive samples were selected for further detailed analysis. The second control group included 43 patients with chronic hepatitis B. All groups were age and gender-matched. The research included serological and molecular-genetic (real-time PCR, positive for HBV DNA samples underwent clonal sequencing of PCR-amplified HBV P/S gene) assessment of the biological material followed by a phylogenetic analysis of the HBV sequences. Our research revealed that HIV-positive patients are exposed to a higher risk of HBV infection compared to general population enrolled in the study, which is evident from the prevalence of anti-HBcAg antibodies in the groups examined. HIV-positive vs. first control group was positive for anti-HBcAg antibodies at higher rate (35.02%, CI 95: 29.5940.45% versus 22.22%, CI 95: 17.8726.57%, p = 0.0003). Abundance of ongoing HBV-infection markers was also higher in HIV-positive individuals compared to general population (6.73%, CI 95: 3.889.58% versus 0.85%, CI 95: 01.81%, p = 0.0001, respectively). Should be noted, that HBsAg-negative HBV infection in HIV-positive patient cohort comprised 1.01% (CI 95: 02.15%) whereas in general population this index was as low as 0.28% (CI 95: 00.84%). Virus hepatitis С and D were revealed at higher rate in HIV-positive individuals compared to patients with HIV-negative chronic HBV infection (p = 5.84 107 and p = 0.000001 respectively). HCV and HDV prevalence rates comprised 50.0% (CI 95: 27.4677.46%) and 40.0% (CI 95: 17.9762.03%) in HIV-positive patients. Similar indices in control group were 4.65% (CI 95: 010.94%) and 4.65% (CI 95: 010.94%), respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of the six isolated HBV sequences showed that the five samples belonged to genotype D, with dominant subtype D2 (verified in 4 cases). Further, HBV genotype С was detected only in one case. The obtained data indicate a necessity for further in-depth diagnostic examination of viral hepatitis in HIV-positive patients to lower a risk of developing life-threatening complications as well as preventing hepatitis spread in human population.

Influenza and ARVI - the main nosological form in structure of all infectious diseases. Influenza is especially dangerous to pregnant women. Purpose: to estimate commitment of pregnant women and health workers to vaccination against influenza. Materials and methods: form No. 5, form of the statistical account No. 1 - influenza the section 1, information from the official site of Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Institute of influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; materials of various conferences and the congresses on a influenza problem, information and analytical reference of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. There were asked 1126 pregnant women on various durations of gestation and 447 health workers in various territories of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing was carried out with use of the Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 programs. Results and discussion: Among the interviewed pregnant women planned or were already vaccinated against influenza only 8% of women. The most frequent causes of failure from vaccination against influenza during pregnancy: doubt in safety (41.8%), ignorance about possibilities of vaccination (21,1%), lack of need for vaccination (18,7%). Only 25% of respondents knew about entering vaccination against influenza during pregnancy into a national calendar. At the same time only in 15% of health workers suggested pregnant women to be vaccinated from influenza. 73% of the interviewed health workers didn't recommend vaccination against influenza to pregnant women because they consider undesirable an intervention in immunity of the pregnant woman, 33% doubt in safety of vaccination, 13% don't know about a possibility of vaccination of pregnant women at all, 6% have personal negative experience of vaccination, and 4% don't see need for vaccination from influenza. Conclusion: the received materials showed need of development of knowledge at health workers of a vaccinal prevention of infectious diseases, including also vaccination against influenza during pregnancy, and also to carry out broad and active information work with the population, attracting mass media.

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1 Хабаровский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии Роспотребнадзора, г. Хабаровск, Россия 2 Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет, г. Владивосток, Россия Цель исследования: изучение особенностей концентрации сывороточных маркеров FAS-системы апоптоза среди ВИЧпозитивных лиц, в том числе инфицированных вирусом гепатита С (ВГС). Материалы и методы: проведено определение концентрации растворимых FAS-рецептора (sFas/APO-1/CD95) и Fas-лиганда (sFas-L) методом иммуноферментного анализа среди ВИЧ-ВГС коинфицированных пациентов (n=84), ВИЧ моноинфицированных лиц (n=84), пациентов с диагнозом хронический вирусный гепатит С (контрольная группа, n=64) и условно-здорового населения (контрольная группа, n=87). Результаты: выявлены более высокие уровни sFas у ВИЧ-моно и ВИЧ-ВГС инфицированных лиц по сравнению с контрольными группами (условно-здоровое население и пациенты с хроническим вирусным гепатитом С). Заключение: определенные особенности уровней маркеров апоптоза свидетельствуют о более высоком риске развития паранеопластических процессов у ВИЧ позитивных пациентов, в том числе коинфицированных ВГС. Ключевые слова: ВИЧ-инфекция, FAS-система апоптоза, вирусный гепатит С, коинфекция Конфликт интересов: авторы заявили об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Для цитирования: Базыкина Е. А., Туркутюков В. Б., Троценко О. Е., Котова В. О., Балахонцева Л. А. Характеристика уровней сывороточных маркеров FAS-системы апоптоза среди ВИЧ моно-инфицированных лиц, пациентов с ВИЧ-ВГС коинфекцией, хроническим вирусным гепатитом С // ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии. The purpose of the study is to investigate aspects of concentrations of serum markers of FAS-system of apoptosis in HIV-positive people including people with hepatitis C (HCV). Materials and methods: determination of concentration of soluble FAS receptor (sFas/APO-1/CD95) and Fas ligand (sFas-L) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in HIV/HCV-co-infected patients (n=84), HIV-mono-infected persons (n=84), patients diagnosed with chronic viral hepatitis C (control group, n=64) and among notionally healthy population (control group, n=87). Results: higher levels of sFas in HIV-mono-and HIV/HCVco-infected patients in comparison with control groups (notionally healthy population and patients with chronic viral hepatitis C) were detected. Conclusion: definite aspects of levels of apoptosis serum markers testify higher risk of developing paraneoplastic syndromes in HIV-positive patients including HCV-co-infected patients.