Rationale: The study of the structural particulars and functional state of immune cells and primarily lymphocytes is of great importance for both fundamental and clinical medicine. It requires the development of simple and reliable analytic methods that would allow for fast and effective real-time assessment of cell activity.Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the interference microscopy compared to DNA spectrometry, DNA cytometry, and flow cytometry with an internalized fluorescent label CFSE (carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester) in the assessment of PHA-induced proliferation of human blood lymphocytes.Materials and methods: Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferative activity of blood lymphocytes from 10 healthy volunteers was studied with various methodological strategies. Blast transformation of lymphocytes was induced by their incubation for 5 days with PHA 5 μg/mL. The cell proliferative activity was assessed as follows: 1) by DNA spectrometry at 260/280 nm using Tecan Infinite 200 Pro with a specialized NanoQuant Plate™; 2) by cytophotometry followed by cell distribution analysis assessing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content after staining with Felgen's dye with an imaging system based on an Olympus BX41 light microscope with a ProgRes CF camera; 3) by flow cytometry using an internalized fluorescent label CFSE; the analysis was performed with a BD FACS Calibur flow cytometer; 4) by measurement of the lymphocyte interference profile with a modulation interference microscope MIM-340 (Schwabe, Russia). The functional activity of the nucleus (FAN) was determined and used as a criterion for assessment of the lymphocyte functional state.Results: Incubation of lymphocytes with PHA led to an increase in the linear size by 22.2±2.8%, a decrease in phase height by 46.3±4.7% (p=0.019), and an increase in FAN by 75.9±9.4%, vs control (p=0.046). As measured by isolated DNA spectroscopy, PHA stimulation of lymphocytes was associated with an increase in the amount of DNA by 55% vs baseline (409.8±22.3 ng/μL and 264.3±25.0 ng/μL, respectively, p=0.049). Felgen's reaction revealed that the proportion of nuclei containing more than 2n DNA was 2% in the control cells and 14.8% in the PHA-activated lymphocytes, with a difference between the groups of 12.8%. CFSE staining with subsequent incubation and assessment by flow cytofluorimetry demonstrated an increase in the percentage of proliferating cells from 1.68±0.9% in the control to 55.56±5.6% (p=0.00068) in the mitogen-stimulated sample.Conclusion: Modulation interference microscopy does not require the sample preparation and demonstrated comparable and even higher effectiveness compared to conventional methods for assessment of lymphocyte activity. At the same time, it allows for evaluation of the lymphocyte functional state in real time in the process of cultivation. This opens ample opportunities for evaluation immune cells for research and diagnostic purposes.
1 Институт экспериментальной медицины и биотехнологий (директор -проф. Л.Т. Волова) ГБОУ ВПО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РФ (ректор -академик РАМН, проф. Г.П. Котельников), Самара, Российская Федерация 2 Кафедра оперативной хирургии и клинической анатомии с курсом инновационных технологий (зав. -проф. А.В. Колсанов) того же института 3 Хирургическое отделение пересадки органов (зав. -к. м. н. Б.И. Харитонов) клиник ГБОУ ВПО «СамГМУ» (гл. врач -проф. И.И. Лосев)Цель: оптимизировать постоперационное ведение реципиентов почечного аллотрансплантата за счет прогнозирования рисков манифестации цитомегаловирусной инфекции на основании комплексной оценки клинико-иммунологического статуса. Материалы и методы. Ретроспективно были проанализированы истории болезни 303 пациентов с терминальной стадией хронической почечной недостаточности, из них 136 являлись реципиентами аллопочки, среди которых у 29 в течение двух месяцев после операции имели место клинические признаки ЦМВ-инфекции. Оценивали проявления ЦМВ-синдрома, наличие лабораторных признаков ЦМВ-инфекции, частоту встречаемости антигенов (генов) системы HLA локусов А, В и DRB*1 с расчетом критерия согласия χ 2 и относительного риска RR, изменение уровня МСР-1 в моче. Результаты. У реципиентов аллотрансплантата почки с клиническими и лабораторными признаками ЦМВ-инфекции в раннем постоперационном периоде статистически значимо чаще (χ 2 > 3,8) встречался антиген В35. Положительная ассоциация с ЦМВ-инфекцией была выявлена также для DRB1*08, В21, В22, В41, А24(9), В51(5), DRB1*14 и DRB1*15. Протективными свойствами обладали антигены / аллели генов А26(10), В14, В38(16), В61(40) и DRB1*16. У данной группы реципиентов уровни МСР-1 поднимались до 2174,7 ± 296,3 пг/мл при сильной отрицательной корреляции с уровнями мочевины и креатинина в сыворотке крови (r = 0,9, р < 0,001). Заключение. Иммунологическими маркерами высокого риска манифестации ЦМВ-инфекции у реципиентов почки в раннем постоперационном периоде являются: носительство В35 и В55,56(22), В49(21), В41, DRB1*08 и DRB1*15 и увеличение уровней МСР-1 в моче без увеличения уровней мочевины и креатинина в сыворотке крови.Ключевые слова: трансплантация почки, цитомегаловирусная инфекция, HLA-система, иммунный статус, МСР-1.
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