Критерии авторства. Все авторы несут ответственность за представленные в статье сведения и плагиат. Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Contribution. The authors are responsible for infor mation and plagiarism avoiding. Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Современным сельскохозяйственным предприятиям необходимы универсальные посевные комплексы, пригодные для посева различных видов семян в разных почвенных условиях. Сеялки должны соответствовать агротехническим требованиям на посев при повышенной влажности, постоянно заданной глубине посева и других факторах. Разработали и изготовили пневматический высевающий аппарат на базе блочно-модульного комбинированного адаптера (БМКА), предназначенный для предпосевной обработки почвы, посева и заделки семян мелкосеменных культур, таких как лен-долгунец. БМКА оснащен пневматическим горизонтальным дисковым высевающим аппаратом, двумя блоками ротационной спиральной бороны, блоком культивации и сошниковой группой. Показали, что созданная конструкция обеспечивает качественную подготовку почвы, равномерный посев семян мелкосеменных культур и заделку их на заданную глубину. Основные параметры ротационной бороны: диаметр-180 мм; высота зубьев-120 мм; шаг спирали-80 мм. Блок культивации позволяет разрушить почву на глубину до 140 мм. Определили оптимальные параметры и режимы работы высевающего аппарата: диаметр диска-600 мм, диаметр ячеек диска-8 мм, давление в пневмосистеме-0,13 МПа, частота вращения диска-65 об/мин. Установили, что внедрение БМКА в производство повышает урожайность соломы на 13,7-33,1 процента, семян льна-долгунца-на 19,6-31,3 процента в сравнении с контрольным вариантом. Обеспечивается годовой экономический эффект в сумме 2035-3034 руб. на 1 га посева при сроке окупаемости за один сезон. Внедрение сеялки в производство обеспечивает также получение качественных семян для селекции и семеноводства. Ключевые слова: высевающий аппарат, мелкосеменные культуры, лен, комбинированная сеялка, производственные испытания, посев.
Currently, there are practically no mechanization tools on the market that combine grass removal (mowing) and the levelling loosening of the upper soil layer, while cutting the root systems contained in the soil in one pass. The purpose of the study was to provide a theoretical rationale of the modifi ed design of the working tool of the combined rotary mower, as well as to conduct its laboratory and fi eld studies. Complex theoretical, laboratory and fi eld studies were carried out using the equipment of the Department of Technological and Transport Machines and Complexes, the Department of Technology of Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products of Tver State Agricultural Academy and recognized methods of experimental research. In the course of theoretical studies, the main parameters of the new working tool were determined, which enabled two technological processes to be carried out in one pass: grass mowing and cutting with loosening of the top soil layer (0…10 cm). On the basis of the obtained data, a workable model of the working tool was designed. When tested in laboratory conditions, regardless of the operating modes and the initial state of the cultivated soil, improved agrophysical properties were observed in terms of absolute humidity and saturation with root residues. It was found that the most optimal level of absolute humidity for the impact of the working tool on soils of light-loamy granulometric composition was 20%, while the best structural and density indicators were observed at all values of soil saturation with root residues; thgey averaged 2.24 units and 1.26 g/cm3. It has been established that at low operating speeds, it is advisable to use a higher rotation speed of the working tool (at 150 rpm), at the same time, with an increase in speed, the speed of rotation should be reduced (to 110 rpm). As a result of fi eld experiments, convincing data were obtained on the feasibility of using a new working tool that provides eff ective mowing of grassland vegetation (the purity of the stem cut is 95.6%) and loosening of the surface layer of the soil (0…10 cm), increasing the structural coeffi cient by 26.8% while optimizing the density and grinding of root systems. The next stages of the study include developing and manufacturing a workable design of a combined rotary mower prototype that ensures the optimal energy intensity of performance and the required quality of technological processes.
This article presents the results of theoretical studies of education and the functioning of the hardened blades with a particular composition of cultivators paws composite powder wear-resistant mixture.
In order to understand the causes of agricultural injuries and to outline measures to reduce it, since 1959 we have conducted records of all injuries at feldsher-obstetric points, in local hospitals and outpatient clinics, in a district hospital and a polyclinic. For all cases of injuries with loss of ability to work, trauma cards are filled out, cases of injuries without loss of ability to work were registered in a separate journal in a specific form.
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