Objective. To study of known interferons (IFN) type I and IFN-inductors drugs different chemical structure on cell differentiation and expression group of genes of TLR/RLRs, referring to group of pattern-recognition receptors. Materials and methods. Cellular lines ТНР-1 (acute monocytic leukemia) и НСТ-116 (colon adenocarcinoma) were treated by interferons drugs Reaferon, Altevir, Genfakson, Infibeta 10 5-10 6 МЕ, IFN-inductors Ridostin 10 2-10 3 μg/ml, Cycloferon 625 μg/ml and Imunomax 2 МЕ during 24 h or 96 h at 37 °С. Gene expression were estimated by method qRT-PCR (CFX-96, Bio-Rad). CD-immunophenotypes of ТНР-1 cells were detected by flow cytometric fluorescence method with FITC and PE monoclonal antibodies (FACSCanto II, Becton Dickinson). Results. It was shown that tumor cells THP-1 and HCT-116 have low and variable constitutive levels gene expression of TLR-receptors 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 during passages. This gene status may be connected with incorrect processing of mature mRNA forms. Genes TLR4, TLR8 and factor NFkB are stimulated by interferons and IFN-inductors more high in THP-cells and genes TLR7, TLR8, TLR9 and NFkB-in HCT-cells. Ridostin (mix ssRNA and dsRNA S. cerevisiae) is the best activator of TLR/RLRs receptors. Ridostin increases

Objective: to study drugs ingavirin and thymogen as activators of signal TLR and RLR reactions in a sensitive cell model of THP-1 monocytes and blood cells of donors.Materials and methods . Investigated drugs ingavirin (imidazolylethanamide pentanedioic acid – 6-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylami- no]-5-oxohexanoic acid; Valenta Pharmaceutics, Russia) and thymogen (alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan; Cytomed, Russia), registered in Russia as medicines. The expression of TLR/RLR receptor genes was determined under the action of ingavirin 50–300 μg/ml and thymogen 0.1–5 μg/ml (24 h, 37 °C) using quantitative RT-PCR. The level of fluid cytokines was determined using ELISA kits (Vec- tor-Best, Russia) in the culture fluid. Transfection of small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) MAVS was performed using the reagent Lipofect- amine 2000 (Invitrogen). The immunophenotype of the THP-1 cell line was determined by flow cytometry with labeled monoclonal antibodies FITC CD14 and PE CD34 (BD Biosciences) on a FACSCanto II instrument (Becton Dickinson).Results . For the first time, it has been shown that ingavirin (imidazolylethanamide) and thymogen (dipeptide Glu-Trp) preparations are activators of the immune TLR/RLR receptors and their signaling factors genes in the cultures of monocytic leukemia THP-1 and blood of healthy donors. In these cellular systems, ingavirin and thymogen preparations elicited similar immune responses and stimulated the expression of genes: endosomal TLR3/7/8/9 receptors, RIG1/MDA5 cytoplasmic sensors and NFκB1 and MAVS signaling factors. Induced cells secrete inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and IL1-β. Ingavirin in THP-1 cell culture monocytes caused a decrease in CD34+ blast cells. Activation the genes of MAVS and co-receptor B2M of the main histocompatibility complex (MHCII) by ingavirin were interrelated. Transfection of siRNA MAVS reduced the level of homologous mRNA MAVS and heterologous mRNA B2M. Conclusion . The results obtained suggest that the antiviral and immunomodulating properties of the drugs ingavirin and thymogen are associated with the activation of a group of TLR/RLR signaling pathways of the innate and adaptive immunity and the differentiation of hematopoietic cell precursors.

Введение. Цитокины, активируемые в ответ на иммуносупрессивные вирусные инфекции, могут прямо или косвенно влиять на неопластическую трансформацию В-клеток. В настоящем исследовании изучали новую субстанцию, разработанную для получения противовирусного лекарственного средства ЦелАгрип (CelAgripus, ЦА), которая проявляет интерферон-(ИФН) и цитокин-индуцирующую активность и, по-видимому, может быть использована в качестве активатора противовирусного иммунитета. Цель исследования-оценить цитокин-регулирующее действие ЦА в линиях клеток лимфомы Беркитта (ЛБ), латентно инфицированных вирусом Эпштейна-Барр (ВЭБ). Авторам предстояло изучить ЦА-индуцированную экспрессию генов цитокинов-интерлейкинов (ИЛ)-1β,-2,-4,-6,-8,-10,-12,-17,-18; ИФН-α,-γ,-β,-λ1,-λ2,-λ3; фактора некроза опухоли α (ФНОα) в нормальных и трансформированных ВЭБ клетках ЛБ. материал и методы. Использовали линии клеток фибробластов эмбриона человека (ФЭЧ), Namalva, Daudi, Raji и Р3НR-1, на которых изучали препараты ЦА, госсипол-уксусной кислоты (ГУК), натрий-карбоксиметилцеллюлозы (Na-КМЦ) с помощью методов ОТ-ПЦР и оценки цитотоксичности. результаты. Выявлено действие ЦА на экспрессию генов ИФН-λ, ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-6, ИЛ-8 и ИЛ-10. Направленность цитокинового ответа зависела от вида клеток и дозы препарата. обсуждение. При обработке ЦА клеток ЛБ наблюдались активация генной экспрессии ИФН-λ, ИЛ-1β,-6,-8 и супрессия активности гена ИЛ-10. При действии субстанций Na-КМЦ и ГУК, используемых для синтеза ЦА, выявлено, в основном, подавление экспрессии генов ИФН-β, ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-10, ИЛ-18 и ФНОα. Заключение. Субстанция ЦА оказывает новые эффекты по активации экспрессии ряда ключевых цитокиновых генов в перевиваемых линиях клеток ЛБ. Направленность цитокинового ответа зависит от вида клеток и дозы препарата.

In culture of THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages with PMA (THP-PMA macrophages) infected with influenza viruses of subtypes H1, H5 and H9, we measured the expression of TLR7 and RIG1 receptor genes, sensors of viral RNA and ribonucleoprotein, and the levels of production of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, IL-10, and IFNα. The sensitivity and inflammatory response of THP-PMA macrophages to pandemic influenza A virus H1N1pdm09 and avian influenza H5N2 and H9N2 viruses correlate with the intracellular level of their viral RNA and activation of the RIG1 gene. Abortive infection is accompanied by intensive macrophage secretion of TNFα, IL-1β, and toxic factors inducing cell death. Activity of endosomal TLR7 receptor gene changed insignificantly in 24 h after infection and significantly decreased in 48 and 72 h under the action of H5N2 and H9N2, which correlated with manifestation of the cytopathogenic effect of these viruses. H5N2 and H9N2 avian viruses in THP-PMA macrophages are strong activators of the expression of the gene of the cytoplasmic RIG1 receptor 24 and 48 h after infection, and the pandemic virus H1N1pdm09 is a weak stimulator of RIG1 gene. Avian influenza H5N2 and H9N2 viruses are released by rapid induction of the inflammatory response in macrophages. At the late stages of infection, we observed a minor increase in IL-10 secretion in macrophages and, probably, the polarization of a part of the population in type M2. The studied influenza A viruses are weak inductors of IFN in THP-PMA macrophages. In the culture medium of THP-PMA macrophages infected with H9N2 and H5N2 viruses, MTT test revealed high levels of toxic factors causing the death of Caco-2 cells. In contrast to avian viruses, pandemic virus H1N1pdm09 did not induce production of toxic factors.

Introduction. Interferons (IFN) and IFN inducers are effective in suppressing viral reproduction and correcting of the innate immunity mechanisms.The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis of the possible involvement of the IFN inducer CelAgrip (CA) as an activator or suppressor of antiviral effects in Burkitt’s lymphoma (LB) cell cultures with different ability to produce Epstein-Barr virus antigens (EBV).Material and methods. The kinetic analysis of the dynamics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and determination of gene group expression by real-time PCR in response to CA treatment were done in human cell lines LB P3HR-1 and Namalva, spontaneously producing and not producing EBV antigens.Results and discussion. When treating CA in Namalva cells, a decrease in the ROS activation index was found; in P3HR-1 cells, an increase was observed. After treatment with CA, there was no reliable activation of the IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-λ genes in Namalva cells, but the expression of the ISG15 and P53(TP53) genes was increased more than 1200 times and 4.5 times, respectively. When processing the CA of P3HR-1 cells, the expression of IFN-α genes increased by more than 200 times, IFN-λ - 100 times, and the ISG15 gene - 2.2 times. The relationship between IFN-inducing action of CA and the activity of ISG15 and ROS in LB cell cultures producing and not producing EBV antigens is supposed.Conclusion. In Namalva cells that do not produce EBV antigens the treatment of CA results in suppression of ROS generation and activation of the expression of genes ISG15 and P53 (TP53); in P3HR-1 cells producing EBV antigens, the opposite picture is observed - the formation of ROS and the expression of the IFN-α and IFN-λ genes are activated and the activity of the ISG15 and P53 (TP53) genes is suppressed.