Quantitative immunohistochemical methods were used to assess activation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system at the level of its central component - the adenohypophysis - in the growing body during chronic exposure to psychoemotional stressors of different strengths. Sprague-Dawley rats aged 30 days were subjected to "mild" or "severe" immobilization stress for 5 h per day for seven days. Animals were decapitated at the end of the last stress session and the endocrine glands (hypophysis, adrenals) were harvested, weighed, and embedded in paraffin; sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and also immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) following by automated image analysis. These studies showed that stress-associated hyperplasia of corticotropocytes in rats of pubertal age was due more to the differentiation of existing immature precursor cells than to cell proliferation.

The article presents a literary review of domestic and foreign studies that reflect the possibility of using the biological model of Danio rerio (Zebrafish) in preclinical research. Data on the use of the toxicology Biomodel, determination of toxic and teratogenic effects of embryogenic substances, including certain medications, are presented. The use of zebrafish in modeling depression and stress, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus and in reproductive technologies is described. The proven effectiveness of the use of Danio rerio in preclinical studies and in modeling a number of human diseases is noted. The data of proteomic studies of the protein composition of cells are summarized zebrafish with the ability to determine the toxic effect at the molecular level.

The analysis of the structure of mortality from the toxic effect of phenobarbital in the city of Volgograd for the period 2014–2018 was carried out. It was revealed that the mortality rate as a result of taking phenobarbital for the indicated period more than doubled, especially among the working age population (35–50 years). When comparing this indicator with a similar one for the period 1994–1998 an increase in the number of lethal poisoning with phenobarbital by 26 % was noted. It was found that taking phenobarbital is often combined with other toxic substances (ethyl alcohol – in 36 % of cases, opiates and opioids – in 11 %, benzodiazepines – in 7 %, antidepressants and neuroleptics – in 6 %, etc.) In most cases, with phenobarbital poisoning, the presence of pathological signs of secondary cardiomyopathy, chronic ischemic heart disease, ventricular fibrillation, acute alveolar emphysema, edema of the substance and membranes of the brain, toxic encephalopathy, necronephrosis was revealed. The results obtained can be considered as additional data when conducting forensic medical diagnostics of acute phenobarbital poisoning and will be useful already at the stage of studying the primary documentation, as well as during the forensic medical examination of the corpse.

Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет, кафедра анатомии человека, кафедра гистологии, цитологии, эмбриологии Описан способ применения азида натрия в различных концентрациях для консервации и фиксации биологических объектов. Околощитовидные железы в концентрации раствора азида натрия 0,5%-го сохраняют свою консистенцию, форму, цвет и структуру на протяжении двух лет.