Buddhism endorses a set of rules and standards of conduct set out in the religion’s canonical texts. The text of the 1640 Steppe Code, both a peace treaty among the Mongols and an attempt at alliance buildingvis-à-visthe Manchus, also reflects the adaptation of the ethical norms of Buddhism to secular law and political relations. Secular law among the Kalmyks further evolved in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The Toktols issued by Khan Donduk-Dashi in the eighteenth century addressed a wide range of religious and secular elements in Kalmyk life, while also serving to strengthen the moral authority of the Buddhist clergy. Further revisions to Kalmyk law and the position of Buddhism within the secular system were promulgated at the Jinjil assembly in 1822. The Kalmyks’ inclusion of religious provisions in secular law helped to strengthen the connection between Buddhism and Kalmyk society, consolidating the normative role of religion as the basis for secular conduct and action.
В статье представлены результаты социологического исследования сентября–октября 2019 г. 709 студентов трех российских вузов в Туве, Бурятии и Калмыкии. Молодежь трех традиционно буддийских регионов опрашивалась по вопросам ее отношения к религии, к буддизму в частности. Ответы проанализированы сквозь призму идентичностей респондентов: российской, этнической, религиозной.Молодежь рассматривает религиозность прежде всего как следование духовно-нравственным ценностям, понимает ценностно-регулятивный аспект религиозной жизни и ее связь с духовной жизнью всего общества.Россия понимается большинством респондентов как евразийское государство, объединяющее в себе и европейские, и азиатские народы и культуры. В целом, отношение у молодежи к буддизму положительное. Но он далеко не всеми понимается как неотъемлемая часть культуры страны, есть разногласия и по поводу термина «российский буддизм». Регионы, где они живут и обучаются, студенты более определенно называют буддийскими, а вот в отношении других — не столь уверены в этом. Стало очевидно, что среди молодежи знания вопросов истории религии в целом (и истории буддизма в частности) не слишком четкие.Исследование показывает, что высокая религиозная идентификация молодежи имеет достаточно декларативный характер, нуждается в дополнительных исследованиях.
Бад маев В.Н., Мей рбаев Б.Б. меж кон фес сиональ ный диа лог: со циокуль турные ос но ва ния Статья пос вя ще на проб ле ме меж кон фес сио наль но го диало га, его куль турным из ме ре ниям. От ме чает ся, что по ни ма ние «куль турной пог ру жен нос ти и кон текс туаль нос ти» ре ли гии вы во дит диа лог ре ли гий на но вый фи ло со фс кий уро вень.Клю че вые сло ва: меж кон фес сио наль ный диа лог, ре ли ги оз ная куль ту ра, куль турная иден тич нос ть, транс куль ту ра ция, гло ба ли за ция.
Kalmyk Buddhists have long engaged in the practice of pilgrimage for religious purposes. Historically, the main destination for Kalmyk pilgrims was Tibet, which was facilitated by traditional ties between the Kalmyks and the Dalai Lama (and by extension the Tibetan people) after the adoption of Buddhism by Oirat groups at the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth centuries. Kalmyk pilgrims pursued a host of goals – religious, political, diplomatic, and educational in nature. Some pilgrims engaged in exploration; during the early Soviet period Kalmyk pilgrims were used by the Soviet government as covert foreign policy instruments in its dealings with Tibet. Soon afterwards, however, pilgrimage was banned altogether due to the anti-religious policy endorsed by the Bolsheviks. It was not until the late 1980s that pilgrimage was revived owing to the democratization of social and political life in the Soviet Union.
The article foregrounds the theme of the socio-cultural, civilizational context and worldview status of the contemporary Mongolian Studies and the prospects of its inclusion into the wide perspective of the world scientific research. The processes like globalization and informatization of the science and education, the expansion of the international and interdisciplinary research collaboration, the activation of the science diplomacy lead to “cultural turns”, the emergence of new perspectives in science, the understanding of the scientific and humanistic unity of the East and West, Europe and Asia, the whole world. All these raise the issues of the methodological self-renovation and cultural and civilizational selfawareness for the contemporary Mongolian Studies. The article points out the importance of the refusal of the Eurocentrism rigorism, the need for understanding of equivalence, equal status, equal significance of the west and east intellectual and scientific traditions, their equal importance for each other. The inclusion of the contemporary Mongolian studies into the wider context of the world research will enable to perceive the true meaning of the phenomena “world history”, “world philosophy”, define the new scientific world view of the XXI century.
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