Introduction: The issue of radiation safety in terms of population exposure to natural sources of background radiation remains relevant since, according to the results of numerous studies, among all sources of ionizing radiation the natural ones contribute the most to the population exposure worldwide. Our purpose was to assess the contribution of natural sources of background radiation to the individual effective dose of the population of the Arkhangelsk Region. Materials and methods: We measured residential indoor and outdoor gamma dose rates and the residential indoor equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of radon isotopes. We also analyzed data of statistical form No. 4-DOZ “Information about population exposure doses attributed to the natural and anthropogenically altered background radiation” and radiation hygiene passportization conducted in 2008–2017 by cities and districts of the Arkhangelsk Region and estimated long-term average indicators of the individual effective dose of radiation and chain indicators of the growth rate. Results: We established that the internal exposure to radon isotopes (46.8%) and external terrigenous exposure (23.6%) contributed the most to the individual effective dose due to natural sources in the population of the Arkhangelsk Region. In 2008–2017, the individual effective dose attributed to natural sources was 2.50 mSv/yr, to external exposure – 0.59 mSv/yr, and to internal exposure to radon isotopes – 1.17 mSv/yr. The analysis of average values of the equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of radon isotopes and the gamma radiation dose rate in residential buildings of various type (wooden, single-story stone and multistory stone) in the Arkhangelsk Region supported the conclusion about the significant contribution of the former to the individual effective dose due to natural sources. Conclusions: We established the contribution of natural sources of ionizing radiation to the total doses of the population.

*Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья Роспотребнадзора (Санкт-Петербург) **Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (Москва) ***Северный государственный медицинский университет (г. Архангельск) ****Управление Роспотребнадзора по Архангельской области (г. Архангельск) Горнодобывающая промышленность является одной из ведущих отраслей экономики России. Работники горнодобывающих предприятий подвергаются воздействию целого комплекса вредных производственных факторов, в т. ч. вибрации. Цель исследования-провести гигиеническую оценку локальной и общей вибрации рабочих мест на буровых станках при добыче железных руд открытым способом на территории европейской части Арктической зоны Российской Федерации. Исследование выполнено на базе горно-обогатительного комбината (г. Оленегорск, Мурманская обл.). Измерение вибрации (локальной и общей) проведено на рабочих местах машинистов буровых станков СБШ-250МН при помощи виброметра и анализатора спектра «Алгоритм-02». Установлено, что параметры локальной вибрации (логарифмические уровни виброускорения в нормируемом диапазоне частот, корректированные и эквивалентные корректированные уровни виброускорения) на рычагах пульта управления не превышали предельно допустимых уровней (ПДУ), однако общая вибрация рабочих мест машинистов буровых станков превышала ПДУ. Наиболее выраженное превышение ПДУ общей технологической вибрации (категория 3а) отмечено в низкочастотном диапазоне-на частоте 2 Гц, а также на частотах 4 и 8 Гц. Условия труда по результатам оценки параметров общей вибрации на рабочем месте (пол кабины и сиденье) машиниста бурового станка оцениваются в основном как вредные (3-й класс 1-3-й степени). Результаты выполненного исследования обосновывают необходимость разработки профилактических мероприятий по снижению интенсивности воздействия общей вибрации на организм машинистов буровых станков.

Background: The necessity of close supervision of school nutrition by the Arkhangelsk Regional Office of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) is well justified by high local diet-related disease rates generally exceeding the national averages. Such supervisory measures can be successfully supported by parental control over school meals. Objectives: Comprehensive assessment of the organization of hot meals for schoolchildren in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (on the example of the Arkhangelsk region) as part of the implementation by Rospotrebnadzor of measures under the federal project “Strengthening public Health”. Methods: We applied hygienic, sociological, and statistical methods of research; prepared meals were tested for quality and safety using instrumental methods of chemical and microbiological analyses. Parental control and monitoring of school feeding within the framework of the National Demography Project were carried out in compliance with ethical standards. Results: Laboratory test results showed a five-year decrease in the proportion of prepared meal samples with poor microbiological parameters from 4.0 % to 1.4 % and of those with lower calorie content – from 2.6 % to 1.9 %. The coverage of first to fourthyear schoolchildren with hot school meals increased by 8.5 % and reached 99.5 %, while in fifth to eleventh graders it decreased by 9.2 % to 73.6 %. We revealed that only few pupils had two school meals a day. Rospotrebnadzor officials encouraged and promoted parental control over the quality of school nutrition and instructed parents and students on principles of healthy eating. Conclusions: The control and supervisory measures carried out indicate a positive dynamics of results in terms of quality and safety of school meals. At the same time, the shortcomings in the organization of nutrition (low coverage of students with two meals a day, reduced coverage of hot meals for older age groups) identified during parental control measures indicate the need for monitoring and rapid response measures to improve the organization of hot meals for schoolchildren in order to prevent diseases caused by the nutritional factor.