An analysis of law and enactments, mass-media publications, statistics and healthcare institutions documents, interviews with experts and diasporas leaders was performed to assess the contemporary international and Russian approaches to migrants health and to reveal the features of healthcare services provided for migrants in the Republic of Tatarstan. A social risk connected to migrants health is associated with increase of number of migrant workers with ailments, returning to their communities for treatment and rehabilitation. In societies receiving migrant workers there is an increase of socially dangerous diseases spreading risk due to low immunity, poor nutrition and sanitary life conditions, cultural distress and social isolation. The governmental policy of healthcare and medical services provided for migrants diverges in different countries between a right for free medical care and curtail of such right. «One window» medical examination method provided for migrants in the Republic of Tatarstan shows its effectiveness in decreasing risk and improving the sanitary and epidemiologic situation among this particular community and the whole society. It is concluded that continuous interaction with public, consideration of migrants’ health status and needs, embedding the problem on regional and federal levels should be an important aspects of providing accessible health care for migrants.
Реферат. Цель исследования -проанализировать статус трудовых мигрантов в российской системе здравоохране-ния, оценить их здоровье в контексте общественной безопасности, определить потенциальное влияние мигрантов на общественное здоровье и систему здравоохранения. Материал и методы. Социологический опрос трудовых мигрантов в Республике Татарстан (n=339), глубинные интервью с трудовыми мигрантами, экспертные интервью, анализ документов. Результаты и их обсуждение. Анализ данных опроса показывает отсутствие значимых разли-чий в самооценке здоровья мигрантами и постоянными жителями. Уровень заболеваемости мигрантов некоторыми опасными болезнями выше, но особой угрозы для общественного здоровья региона представлять не может. Только около 27% иностранных работников имеют полисы медицинского страхования, только треть из них застрахованы при содействии работодателя. В случае заболевания к врачу обращаются 40% мигрантов, самолечением зани-маются 48%, 12% ничего не предпринимают. Бесплатную скорую медицинскую помощь получили чуть более 0,2% от общего количества работающих в регионе мигрантов. Заключение. Трудовые мигранты в российской системе здравоохранения оказываются уязвимой социальной группой, поскольку не очерчены в должной мере их права, они часто оказываются в позиции недобровольных клиентов, что проявляется в ограничении их возможностей в доступе к бесплатной медицинской помощи, узким спектром клиник и частных врачей, «специализирующихся» на трудовых мигрантах. Выработка оптимальных моделей медицинского освидетельствования и медицинского обслуживания мигрантов выступает как важная социально-экономическая и гуманитарная проблема. Ключевые слова: здоровье мигранта, медицинское страхование, медицинское обеспечение иностранных граждан, общественное здоровье. Kazan, Russia, Kazan, Russia, Tatarstan, Abstract. Aim. To analyze a status of labor migrants in Russian health care system, reveal evaluation of their health in a context of social security, consider a potential influence of health of migrants to public health and health care system in general. Material and method. The article is based on the research conducted in 2012-2013 in Republic of Tatarstan, Russia (survey of 339 labor migrants, expert interviews, analysis of documents) and addresses the issues of health of migrants, the impact of migrants on public health and healthcare system. Results. The survey results show no significant difference in the self-assessment of health among labor migrants and permanent residents. The level of some dangerous diseases is higher among migrants but it does affect public health in general. Only about 27% of foreign workers have health insurance policies, and only a third of them are insured with the assistance of the employer. In the event of illness 40% of labor migrants seek medical advice, 48% -self-medicate, 12% -do not do anything. Free emergency medical care received slightly more than 0,2% of the total number of migrants working in the region. Conclusion. Labor migrants in the Russian health care system are a vulne...
The authors analyze the current regulatory and legal framework defining organization of preventive medical examinations for people of certain professions for sexually transmitted infections and infectious skin diseases. They also describe the experience of organization of preventive medical examinations in the Republic of Tatarstan.
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