No abstract

Glutathione content, the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase), and also SOD (superoxide dismutase) and catalase were studied in human malignant tumors (uterus, breast, and ovaries) and normal tissues. Glutathione level and the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes were 2-3 times higher in the malignant tumors than in normal tissues. A negative correlation between the level of glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase) in tumors and the efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy may characterize the degree of tumor resistance to chemotherapy and therefore may have prognostic value. Low SOD and catalase activity and high activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes in tumors suggest that glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase play a major role in peroxide utilization in malignant tumors.

To determine the biochemical disorders in the blood coagulation mechanism associated with oxidative stress parameters of the antioxidant status were examined in platelets of 57 colorectal cancer patients, (including 21 patients before and after surgery), and 40 healthy individuals. We determined the total content of nitric oxide (NOx), levels of superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA). Before treatment, we observed the changes in the antioxidant defense system of platelets, which did not depend on the prevalence of malignancy: elevated levels of SOD by 16% (p<0.05), reduced glutathione and MDA in 5.2 and 1.7 times, respectively. NOx levels did not differ from the norm. Significant shifts were found in the postoperative period: they consisted of the increase in the generation of NOx both on the third, and on the 10-th day after surgery. These changes reflect apparently platelet response to the inflammatory process associated with the surgical trauma and confirm the role of NOx as a mediator of inflammation. The content of SOD after surgery was significantly reduced, but return to a baseline on the 10-th day. Despite the significant increase in the number of platelets, no correlations of the studied parameters and their aggregation ability were found.The findings suggest that metabolic disorders in vascular-platelet hemostasis are associated with oxidative stress, which provides a basis for further study of the relationship of cancer to thrombosis.

The study was performed in 9 cancer patients with sepsis. A clinical blood test of patients with sepsis was accompanied by a neutrophilic leukemoid reaction, with the appearance in the differential count of white blood cells of young cells (myelocytes, metamyelocytes). According to the literature, it is shown that in severe sepsis, a local infection is accompanied by systemic of neutrophil activation (NF). Moreover, excessive activation and location of NF in the microvasculature, especially its young forms and the formation of extracellular trap networks (NETs), can contribute to pathological manifestations of multiple organ failure and thrombosis.

A study of interleukin-6 (IL-6), hepcidin-25 (GP-25) was conducted in 22 patients with breast cancer before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and in 27 healthy women in the control group. Significant expression of the GP-25 protein was revealed in breast cancer patients, compared to control. The rates were high both in patients with anemic sindrome (AS) and without it (p <0.01). Latent iron deficiency, AS, IDA and functional iron deficiency (FJ) were more often detected in patients with stage III disease. A significant difference in the parameters of GP-25 and IL-6 was noted, the indicators were higher in patients with stage III (p <0.01). No close correlation was found between IL-6, GP-25 and other acute-phase proteins (FR, CRP) at the initial stages of AS formation. On the contrary, a positive correlation was observed in patients with IDA and FJ between IL-6 and all acute-phase proteins (GP-25, FR, CRP). However, a small number of observations do not allow an unambiguous conclusion about the role of IL-6 and GP-25 expression in the development of AS in cancer patients with breast cancer and requires further study.