The article describes the method of estimating the parameters of transport flows using the two-fluid mathematical model of Herman-Prigogine and developed and based on the proposed method of estimating the parameters of the system on the basis of passive processing of navigation data on the movement of vehicles. The efficiency of the proposed algorithms, mathematical models for estimating the parameters of road traffic flow and system as a whole was confirmed during its testing using a set of tracks on the main highways of Commonwealth of Independent States.

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Реферат. Приведены результаты анализа характеристик транспортной системы г. Минска. Показано, что рост автомобилизации вызвал ряд проблем, среди которых: низкая скорость сообщения, плохие режимы движения, наличие перегрузок и повышенный уровень аварийности. Получены соответствующие показатели аварийности для Минска и некоторых городов мира, позволяющие характеризовать транспортную систему Минска как удовлетворительную. Для улучшения системы и повышения качества дорожного движения необходимо создание интеллектуальной транспортной системы города, которая, являясь общемировым трендом, позволяет кардинальным образом улучшить качество дорожного движения. Автоматизированная система управления дорожным движением и другие подсистемы в составе интеллектуальной транспортной системыинструменты реализации целей по повышению безопасности и комфорта дорожного движения. Разработаны технологические требования к функционированию целостной системы, касающиеся уровня эффективности, в том числе и аварийности на участках улично-дорожной сети, входящих в создаваемую систему. Модернизация автоматизированной системы управления дорожным движением и ее трансформация в интеллектуальную транспортную систему позволят снизить аварийные, экономические, экологические и социальные потери в дорожном движении не менее чем на 15 % от существующего их уровня, несмотря на постоянный рост автомобилизации в городе.

The paper introduces a new notion that is a graph of crossroad transport flows. It has been shown that the given graph serves as a unification of conflict graphs. The paper provides numerical characteristics of graphs on conflict interaction of transport flows in the process of their merging and intersection at crossroads of various configuration. The following construction of the graph has been carried out: merging graphs where their nodes correspond to conflicting flows and their edges indicate what flows enter into a merging conflict between themselves; intersection graphs where graph nodes correspond to conflicting flows and their edges indicate what flows enter into an intersection conflict between themselves. Taking into account the conflict interaction between traffic and pedestrian flows, traffic conditions and traffic trajectories before possible physical interaction the traffic flow graph takes such form which contains complete information about existing conflicts for the required intersection. As a result of the construction in accordance with theoretical aspects of a graph theory and actual interaction of transport and pedestrian flows at intersections, some regularities have been revealed that allow to estimate a danger of any particular intersection within the urban street-road network. The proposals can be identified as hazard markers of an object and that is especially topical with due account of available actual data on driving regimes, traffic light regulation, flow intensity and driving speed (especially single vehicles exceeding permissible driving speed for urban traffic or taking into account local restrictions on certain sections of street-road network) which form a vehicle or pedestrian graph. The proposed approaches can be used to assess quality of road traffic in conflict areas of the street-road network in cities and settlements and public roads as well.

Merge junctions are the key elements in the freeway system, as they are likely to function as bottlenecks. Investigations into breakdown occurrence at ramp junctions have demonstrated that when the groups of several vehicles following each other enter the freeway from the ramp, they are expected to create 'turbulence' resulting from lane changes, decelerations of vehicles on the mainline and inevitably by the cars merging from the on-ramp. This turbulence can lead to breakdown when the level of mainline demand is adequately high. In other words, the impact of a ramp vehicle on capacity is higher than that of a mainline vehicle, which indicates that a part of vehicles will simultaneously occupy two lanes during the process of changing them thus momentarily decreasing the capacity of the link. This feature becomes particularly important near bottlenecks where it might reduce the already limited throughput. The article introduces the main approaches, methodology, principles and stages of transport demand management on freeways that are aimed at improving the operation quality of transport facilities, including road safety. The technique allows evaluating and optimizing a Ramp-Metering (RM) concept from the viewpoint of minimizing the length of queues on ramps and a possibility of transport congestion. The proposed algorithm estimates the probability of starting congestion formation on the ramp using objective information on traffic conditions in each segment of the highway, which is based on the criterion for vehicle density on the lane. The last chapter shows the examples of traffic flow optimization on Western bypass ramps in Vilnius comparing two strategies for access control management using one or several vehicles per lane. Conclusions, trends and work on future investigations are presented at the end of the article.