Development of an amperometric biosensor for measuring choline concentration in water samples. Methods. A bioselective element of the biosensor was created using choline oxidase which was covalently immobilized by glutaraldehyde crosslinking with bovine serum albumin on the surface of an amperometric platinum disk electrode. Results. The conditions of the bioselective element formation (the enzyme and glutaraldehyde concentrations, time of procedure) were optimized. The biosensor developed was characterized by good response reproducibility over hours of continuous operation. The linear range of substrate determination ranged from 10 µM to 1000 µM, a limit of choline detection-1-3 µM, the biosensor sensitivity was 25-30 nA/mM. An effect of interfering substances was significantly reduced by the application of an additional semipermeable poly-m-phenylenediamine (PPD) membrane. Conclusions. The developed biosensor is wellsuited for choline determination in water samples. K e y w o r d s: biosensor, amperometric transducer, immobilized enzyme, choline oxidase, choline.
Dopamine is a biologically active chemical that performs a number of vital functions as a hormone and neurotransmitter. Therefore, the determination of dopamine concentration in the human body is important for biomedical research. The content of dopamine in the blood varies depending on the age of a healthy person and can serve as a prognostic marker of many diseases. The aim of this work was to develop a new enzyme conductometric biosensor for the determination of dopamine in aqueous samples and to study the biosensor's analytical characteristics. The conductometric method of analysis with differential measurement mode was used in the work. Two pairs of gold interdigitated electrodes deposited on a sitall substrate were used as a conducto-metric transducer. The biorecognition element of the biosensor was based on laccase immobilized by glutaraldehyde cross-linking. The optimal conditions of laccase immobilization were selected. The influence of solution parameters (ionic strength, pH, buffer capacity) on the biosensor work was investigated. The biosensors demonstrated high sensitivity to dopamine (minimum limit of detection À 7.8 μM) with the linear range up to 1 mM. The biosensor was highly selective and reusable. The proposed biosensor was tested regarding the possibility of its longterm storage under different conditions. The developed conductometric biosensor was proven to be suitable for measuring dopamine concentration in biological and pharmaceutical samples.
The method of sulfanilamide synthesis described in the article. The historical facts of discovery and application of sulfanilamide drugs are considered. Modern and more perspective derivatives of sulfanilamide are reviewed.
Анотація. В даній роботі розроблено кондуктометричний біосенсор, призначений для визначення концентрацій дофаміну. Для створення біоселективного елементу біосенсора використовували фермент лакказу, що був іммобілізований ковалентною зшивкою глутаровим альдегідом з бичачим сироватковим альбуміном на поверхні кондуктометричного перетворювача. Як перетворювач використовувались дві пари золотих гребінчастих електродів, нанесених на ситалову підкладку. В роботі було підібрано оптимальні умови іммобілізації лаккази, досліджено вплив параметрів розчину (іонна сила, рН, буферна ємність) на роботу розробленого біосенсора для визначення дофаміну. Отримані біосенсори демонстрували високу чутливість до дофаміну (мінімальна границя визначення -5 мкМ). Лінійний діапазон біосенсорного визначення аналіту був до 1 мМ. Встановлено, що розроблений біосенсор характеризується високою відтворюваністю відгуків впродовж декількох годин безперервної роботи (RSD=10%). Перевірено можливість довгострокового зберігання запропонованого біосенсора в різних умовах. Показано, що дофамін-чутливий біосенсор характеризувався гарною селективністю відносно можливих інтерферуючих речовин і в подальшому може бути використаний для визначення концентрації дофаміну в біологічних та фармацевтичних зразках.
Biosensor technology is a powerful alternative to conventional techniques.Biosensors are analytical devices that respond selectively to analytes in an appropriate sample and convert their concentration into an electrical signal via a combination of a biological recognition system and an electrochemical, optical or other transducer. Different types of biosensors are described in this article. The main features of them are compared. Also mentioned the main areas of its application.
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