Currently, biophysical studies are of great interest, the results of which are important for development of a method for diagnosis of the cells and tissue condition to be used in clinical practice. The study was aimed to use a non-invasive optical method (Raman spectroscopy) for assessment of changes in the composition and conformation of the molecules of the patient’s mandibular cells and tissues. This approach was proposed to increase the informativeness and effectiveness of studying the composition of autografts harvested for augmentation of alveolar processes with bone tissue deficiency (elective bone grafting). In the course of the study the bone tissue samples obtained from three patients aged 51–73 (two men and one woman) were assessed. Raman signals were detected, indicating the presence of phosphate groups and carbonate ions (such as СО3–2) of the inorganic bone components. Raman bands indicating the presence of collagen, red blood cell hemoglobin, proteins (C–N bonds), lipids (С–Н groups of fatty acids and phosphate groups of phospholipids), as well as their OH groups may be considered the markers of periosteum tissue. The general possibility was suggested of studying single cells of autografts using the markers, indicating the presence of collagen, hemoglobin, proteins, lipids (С–Н groups of fatty acids of lipids; phosphate groups of phospholipids), and their OH groups. According to the authors, the results obtained can provide a basis for development of the new method for diagnosis of autograft bone using the combination of Raman spectroscopy and light guides.

Generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) is a widespread disease. It has a serious negative impact on the quality of a patient’s life, posing a challenge to dentists all over the world. At present, standard therapy regimens for GCP adopted in the Russian Federation do not account for the mucosal barrier state, which is determined by a number of various factors, including the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). In our study, we attempted to assess the functional state of the mucosal barrier in patients with GCP and to provide a rationale for using immunotherapy aimed at restoring the effective barrier function of the oral mucosa. SIgA concentrations, which served as an indicator of the mucosal barrier state, were measured with ELISA. We found that patients with GCP had significantly lower sIgA concentrations in the oral fluid in comparison with healthy individuals. Although therapeutic procedures did help to increase sIgA levels, they still were much lower after therapy than in healthy volunteers (54.6 ± 30.5 µg/ml vs 151.2 ± 105.2 µg/ml). Increased permeability of the mucosal barrier caused sIgA to leak into the peripheral blood serum, where its concentration grew from 0.21 ± 0.28 µg/ml to 0.35 ± 0.47 µg/ml during the treatment course, suggesting damage to the mucosal integrity. This fact needs to be accounted for when treating patients with GCP.

V nastoyashchee vremya bol'shoj interes predstavlyayut biofizicheskie isssledovaniya, rezul'taty kotoryh vazhny dlya formirovaniya metodologii diagnostiki sostoyaniya tkani i kletok v klinicheskoj praktike. Cel'yu dannoj raboty bylo prodiagnostirovat' izmeneniya sostava i konformacii molekul kletok i tkani nizhnej chelyusti pacienta s pomoshch'yu opticheskogo neinvazivnogo metoda (spektroskopiya kombinacionnogo rasseyaniya (KR). Dannyj metodicheskij podhod predlozhen dlya povyvsheniya informativnosti i effektivnosti issledovaniya sostava autotransplantatov, poluchennyh dlya augmentacii al'veolyarnyh otrostkov pri deficite kostnoj tkani (planiruemaya kostnaya plastika). V issledovanii ispol'zovali obrazcy kostnoj tkani troih pacientov v vozraste 51–73 let, dvoih muzhchin i odnoj zhenshchiny. V kostnoj tkani obnaruzheny KR-signaly, svidetel'stvuyushchie o nalichii fosfatnyh grupp i karbonat-ionov (tipa SO3–2) mineral'nyh komponentov kosti. Markerami molekul okolokostnoj tkani mogut byt' polosy, kotorye svidetel'stvuyut o nalichii kollagena, gemoglobina eritrocitov, belkov (C–N-svyazi), lipidov (S–N-grupp zhirnyh kislot i fosfatnyh grupp fosfolipidov), a takzhe ih ON-grupp. Pokazana principial'naya vozmozhnost' issledovaniya otdel'nyh kletok autotransplantatov s pomoshch'yu markerov, svidetel'stvuyushchih o nalichii kollagena, gemoglobina, belkov i lipidov (S–N-grupp zhirnyh kislot lipidov; fosfatnyh grupp fosfolipidov), i ih ON-grupp. Po mneniyu avtorov, rezul'taty mogut sluzhit' osnovoj dlya formirovaniya novoj metodologii diagnostiki kostnyh autotransplantatov s pomoshch'yu sovmeshcheniya KR-spektroskopii i svetovodov.

In the experimental study, the penetrating power of dental temporary filling materials Cresofen, Eugenol, Cresodent, Calasept was analyzed. The assessment was made by studying the diffusion of colored solutions of drugs. As a dye used jodoin. It was revealed tha t preparations for temporary filling had different penetrating ability. The greatest penetrating power in the tooth tissue from the studied antiseptic solutions has Cresophen, which penetrates to the entire depth of the tooth tissues after 3 days after application, the intermediate value was shown by Eugenol and Cresodent, which penetrated the cervical and apical regions after 7 days, and Calasept had minimal penetrating properties. These data should be taken into account when planning treatment activities.

Хронический генерализованный пародонтит (ХГП) широко распространен во всем мире. У больных снижается качество жизни, поэтому лечение данного заболевания является актуальной проблемой стоматологии. В настоящий момент терапию ХГП в Российской Федерации проводят по стандарту, не учитывающему важнейшую составляющую пародонта — мукозный барьер. Его состояние зависит от многих факторов, в том числе уровня секреторного иммуноглобулина А (s-IgA). Целью исследования было оценить состояние мукозного барьера для обоснования применения методов терапии, позволяющих восстановить его эффективность. В качестве инструмента для оценки эффективности слизистого барьера мы использовали уровень s-IgA, который определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа. Мы показали, что в ротовой жидкости у больных ХГП уровень s-IgA значительно снижен по сравнению со здоровыми. Проведенная стандартная терапия повышает его уровень, но он остается достоверно ниже, чем у здоровых (54,6 ± 30,5 мкг/мл; 151,2 ± 105,2 мкг/мл соответственно). Увеличение проницаемости слизистого барьера приводит к появлению s-IgA в сыворотке периферической крови, причем его концентрация возрастает после проведенной терапии с 0,21 ± 0,28 мкг/мл до 0,35 ± 0,47 мкг/мл, что свидетельствует о значительных нарушениях целостности мукозного барьера у больных ХГП и о необходимости учитывать эти нарушения при проведении терапевтических мероприятий.