We studied the main reasons caused the agricultural crop variety regards 137Cs uptake and translocation from the soil. The cereal grains -oats (Avena sativa L.), Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare L.), and millet seed (Panicum milaceum L.); grain legumeyellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.), and fodder crop -annual ryegrass (Lutium multiflorum Lam) were considered in our research. The transpiration, transpiration coefficient, relative transpiration, multiplicity of decrease in the specific activity of 137Cs in phytomass towards experimental variants and control, the intensity of the bioleaching process of 137Cs, the specific surfaces of rhizosphere, the rhizosphere surface density of root charges, and constants of roots and soil ion conductivity were used to calculate the 137Cs leaching from the soil by different crops. We used special model that considered the effect of double electrostatic fields of the rhizosphere and soil on the ion flux to calculate the 137Cs bioleaching from the soil by various crops. We suggested that the conductivity of the root-soil interface was the main reason of specific variation in the 137Cs leaching from the soil. We ranged the studied crops according to the decrease of 137Cs leaching from sod-podzolic sandy soil: yellow lupine, sultan grass -oats seed -millet seed -perennial ryegrass. Key words: bioleaching model, 137Cs, rhizosphere, specific surface, surface charge density, bioleaching intensity, soil and rhizosphere electrical conductivity. Cs, удельные поверхности корневых систем растений, поверхностная плотность зарядов

The results obtained in the stationary experiment of the Novozybkovskaya Agricultural Experiment Station are presented. In the experiment, single-species crops of yellow lupine, oats and grass mixtures based on them were studied against the background of various doses of potash fertilizers (K180–240). The influence of potash fertilizers on the yield and quality of legumes and cereals and their mixed crops and a decrease in the content of 137Cs in products is considered. It was found that the highest yield was obtained in the K240 variant. The highest level of yield among the studied crops was noted in the grass mixture lupin + oats. In terms of the yield of feed units and exchange energy per hectare, the grass mixture exceeded single-species crops. Studies have established that the guaranteed receipt of normatively clean feed is provided by the use of potash fertilizer at a dose of 240 kg/ha. 137Cs.

For many years of creating a new breeding material for winter rye in the changing soil and climatic conditions of the Novozybkovskaya Agricultural Management Plant, the influence of precipitation during the growing season on the grain productivity of diploid winter rye has been studied. It has been established that the lack of moisture during ear formation and maximum growth of the leaf surface (May) and excess during grain ripening (July) negatively affects productivity. The new varietal material of diploid winter rye showed resistance to lodging of 5 points, since the plant height averaged 109 cm with a variation from 98 to 126 cm. The number of productive stems at a seeding rate (manual) of 600 thousand grains/ha averaged 10 pieces, varying from 5 to 16 over the years with a dense elastic straw. The spike is 14 cm long with 42 spikelets and the grain weight from an ear is 2.7 g, the grain yield is 700–800 g/m2. With a high number of productive stems, an economically effective seeding rate of 150–170 kg / ha has been established, which ensures production of up to 5–6 t/ha of grain in production crops.

The article presents the results obtained in the stationary experiment of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS. In the experiment, single-species crops of yellow alfalfa, boneless stalk and grass mixtures based on them were studied against the background of various doses of potash fertilizers (K120-180). The influence of potash fertilizers on the yield and quality of legumes and cereals, their mixed crops and a decrease in the content of 137Cs in hay is considered. It was found that the highest yield of hay of perennial grasses in both the first and second mowing was obtained in the P60K180 variant. The highest level of hay yield among the studied crops was noted in a grass mixture of yellow alfalfa with a boneless stalk. In terms of the yield of feed units and exchange energy per hectare, the alfalfa + stalk grass mixture exceeded single-species crops. Studies have established that the guaranteed receipt of normatively clean feeds based on yellow alfalfa, boneless stalk and grass mixtures based on them is provided by the use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in a dose P60K120.