Dairy products are the most popular and important in their nutritional value products in the diet of adults and children. There are about 400 known types of these products in the world. Traditional dairy products are widely used both in daily diet and complex treatment of various infectious and non-infectious diseases. The probiotic and prebiotic components in their composition makes these products functional, since their regular use has a positive effect on the digestive processes, immune system, and the indicators of the physical development of young children. The surveys demonstrated the effectiveness of functional dairy products both in healthy children for the prevention of diseases and in children with various pathologies in the complex therapy.

Iron deficiency (ID) is common in the pediatric population, primarily due to inadequate iron intake from food and a high requirement due to rapid growth. The most significant for pediatric practice are latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Hyposiderosis significantly impacts a child's physical and cognitive development and immunological reactivity. It can be an independent condition and complicate the course of several other diseases. The article presents data on the most significant factors contributing to the ID, risk groups, clinical presentation features (sideropenic and anemic syndromes), criteria of laboratory diagnostics of iron deficiency anemia according to the clinical guidelines "Iron deficiency anemia" approved by the Russian Ministry of Health in 2021, and the latent iron deficiency developed by the World Health Organization experts. Also, the algorithm of ID primary prevention, diet therapy approaches, and the use of functional products and dietary supplements to meet the iron requirement of a child's organism are discussed.

Организация питания детей, особенно раннего воз-раста, является, с одной стороны, стандартизированной, а с другой -актуальнейшей проблемой для педиат ров и родителей. Рациональное питание -один из глав-ных компонентов, который не только обеспечивает адекватное поступление питательных веществ, необ-ходимых для процессов роста, развития, созревания детского организма и обусловливающих устойчивость к инфекциям, неблагоприятным средовым факторам, но также определяет здоровье ребенка на всем про-тяжении жизни [1][2][3].Вопросам питания детей первого года жизни и ран-него возраста посвящено большое число исследова-ний отечественных и зарубежных авторов, в которых нашли отражение практика вскармливания и введе-ния прикорма на первом году жизни, характеристика питания ребенка в возрасте от 1 до 3 лет, а также распространенность алиментарно-зависимых заболе-ваний в различных регионах нашей страны и в мире [4,5]. Кроме того, за последнее десятилетие широ-кое теоретическое и практическое развитие получила концепция программирования питанием на ранних этапах жизни ребенка, с учетом которой разработаны современные рекомендации по диететике здоровых и больных детей [6][7][8].Несомненно, что ранний возраст -это тот период жизни ребенка, когда через правильно составлен-ный рацион питания возможно достигнуть адекватных параметров физического и нервно-психического раз-вития, предотвратить развитие дефицитных состояний и многих «взрослых болезней», таких как атеросклероз, сахарный диабет, ожирение, хроническая иммунопато-

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The purpose of the work is to analyze the modern screening diagnostic tests used in the outpatient practice of a pediatrician in conjunction with classical diagnostic methods. To assess the significance of screening diagnostic tests in a differentiated approach to therapy and health improvement of children, in order to reduce the unjustified prescription of antibacterial drugs. To highlight the main advantages of screening diagnostic tests. To determine the scope of their application in outpatient practice. To characterize the available modern screening approaches in the work of a pediatrician. Results. In recent years, medicine is increasingly interested in the issues of introducing rapid diagnostic tests into the outpatient practice of a pediatrician. The speed of obtaining a reliable result when using rapid tests makes them the optimal tool for mass screening, since the sensitivity of rapid tests reaches 95% and the specificity is almost 100%. The obtained test results allow a district pediatrician to quickly make a decision on early diagnosis and therapeutic tactics in an urgent situation. Accessibility of use, minimal training and the ability to visually evaluate the results significantly reduce the number of errors at the preanalytical phase. Conclusion. This methodological approach is undoubtedly valuable in the work of pediatricians, especially in an outpatient network. Their active implementation into everyday practice makes it possible to predict the course of the disease at the earliest stages of its development and to differentiate the appointment of therapy in each personified case.