The article was written at the height of the coronavirus pandemic, when unprecedented restrictive measures were taken regarding the activities of a large proportion of economic actors to ensure a regime of self-isolation and social distance. The article attempts, on the basis of a synthesis of expert and analytical materials published during the pandemic in various information sources and the results of sociological studies assessing its real socio-economic consequences, to provide forecasts for the near and distant prospects, taking into account various parameters of an economic and social nature. The impact of the pandemic on macroeconomic indicators, the situation on the labor market, the dynamics of income of the population was considered. The social consequences of the pandemic are analysed separately, in particular in the field of health care, education, social support, social and labour relations, as well as the peculiarities of the relationship between power and society. The Russian economy is facing a recession corresponding to the long-term recession of the world economy. According to the authors, the scale and social consequences of this recession can be reduced for Russia. The formation of an anti-crisis fund to support economic sectors and citizens against the background of the coronavirus situation should lead at all levels of government to the adoption of constructive management decisions and the effective use of each ruble.

The article studies hypotheses, which could explain uneven distribution of added value among companies functioning on one industry market and are connected by participation in the value-creating network. The object of the research is to investigate the relations between leading aircraft building companies and suppliers of key components. The goal of the article is to check the hypothesis about the dependence between the amount of economic power of the economic agent and its shares in distributing benefits and costs caused by interaction with other agents. The authors put forward their own methodology identifying counteragents' share in added value on the basis of comparing such elements of added value as profit and remuneration. It should be noted that relative not absolute indicators are taken as a principle, i. e. asset profitability and average wage of companies. This methodology was tested at five aircraft building companies being integrators of value-creating networks. On the basis of the research a conclusion can be drawn that the most widely spread explanation of added value distribution (in particular, the direct link between the market share and company profitability, domination of the value-creating network integrator over other participants of joint efficiency distribution and the impact of the share of supply on profit participation) was not corroborated. At the same time distinct advantages were revealed in added value distribution for suppliers of key components. The conclusions of the research can be used for the development of strategy for Russian companies' participation in global value-creating networks.

The article studies issues of transforming the institution of state in today’s conditions. Special attention is paid to the following questions: characteristic features of state as a specific social and economic institution; immanent contradictions of the institution; lines in state development in conditions of world economic ties globalization; digitalization of the communication system and ecological interdependence. The given approach to research is characterized by its focus on economic aspects of current changes. The goal of the article is to find out key spots of mutual impact of state and economic system. The authors discuss such problems as reshaping the system of contacts inside state and among them, the role of state in controlling key resources, dubious nature of state as an institution, watering state borders, citizenship in conditions of cosmopolitanism, feasibility of such form of public life organization as people’s rule, the role of culture in forming and retaining the institution of state, the impact of pandemia on evolution of interstate relations. Co-authors’ opinions are not always the same, however, they adhere to the common approach to researching the phenomenon of state as a developing and transforming institution. The article was written on the basis of materials of the seminar held in the Central Institute of Economics and Mathematics RAN within the frames of the ‘Makarov’s Gathering’ Club.

В статье обосновано, что развитие института собственности происходит путем расщепления целостной системы отношений на отдельные составляющие. Это расщепление осуществляется в трех направлениях: расщепление объекта собственности, расщепление субъекта собственности и ослабление связей между субъектом и объектом собственности. Научная новизна методологии проведенного исследования заключается в сочетании неоклассического и институционального подходов. В качестве методов исследования в работе использованы исторический метод, структурный и сравнительный анализ The article justifies that the development of the ownership institution takes place by splitting the holistic system of relations into separate components. This splitting is carried out in three directions: splitting the object of ownership, splitting the subject of ownership, and weakening the links between the subject and the object of ownership. In this transformation we see the implementation of the dialectical law of unity (integration of property rights and roles of owners) and the struggle of opposites (increasing splitting of both objects and subjects of ownership). The scientific novelty of the methodology is based on the combination of neoclassical and institutional approaches. Historical method, structural and comparative analysis are used as research methods of this study.

В статье исследуется, как проявляются основные характеристики изменения трудовой деятельности на протяжении разных этапов исторического развития. Авторы предлагают рассматривать характеристики трудовой деятельности через соотношение следующих параметров: свободный и подневольный труд, квалифицированный и неквалифицированный труд, престижные и обыденные виды деятельности, творческий и рутинный труд. На основе анализа существующих подходов предложен обобщенный подход к периодизации истории. Для каждого исторического периода показано проявление основных характеристик трудовой деятельности: каким образом они проявляются, как это проявление меняется от периода к периоду, как распределяется трудовая деятельность в рамках этих характеристик. Сделан вывод о том, что выделенные направления развития трудовых отношений проявляются практически на всех периодах истории хозяйственной деятельности, имеют разнонаправленный характер изменений и взаимосвязи друг с другом. Предложено объяснение снижения требований к квалификации работников в периоды технологических революций. The article investigates how the main characteristics of labor activity are manifested throughout various stages of historical development. The authors propose to view the characteristics of labor activity through the relationships of several dimensions: free and bonded labor, skilled and unskilled labor, prestigious and ordinary types of activity, creative and routine labor. The authors offered the generalized approach to periodization of history based on the analysis of existing approaches. For each historical period the authors show how these four main characteristics manifest themselves, how this manifestation changes from period to period, and how labor activity is distributed within these characteristics. It is concluded that considered characteristics manifest themselves throughout various stages of economic development, have multidirectional nature of change and interrelationships with each other. An explanation of the decline in qualification requirements for employees during periods of technological revolutions is offered.