The need for a spiritual and moral revival of Kazakhstan’s society is due to the fact that it is undergoing a crisis that is a reflection of the global civilization crisis (the spread of religious sects, the operation of terrorist organizations and other destructive structures). Currently, in order to preserve socio-economic stability in Kazakhstan’s society, it is necessary to solve the problem of personal crisis, which manifests itself as a crisis of its spirituality. Therefore, in education, it becomes relevant to study the approaches to the spiritual and moral development of high school students in the framework of the implementation of the NDO Self-Cognition Program. In order to reveal the peculiarities of the spiritual and moral development of a high school student in the context of the implementation of the Self-Knowledge NDO Program, we need to study the problems of the spiritual and moral development of the individual as a whole. A lot of researches have been devoted to the study of the problems of the spiritual and moral development of the individual, but the generally accepted theory still does not exist, since the concept of «spiritual and moral development» is inherently interdisciplinary. The authors consider the diversity of conceptual approaches in understanding the essence of this process, as well as the essence of the concepts of «spirituality» and «morality» in philosophy, psychology and pedagogy.