Abstract. Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness methods of visual diagnostics of diseases of the musculoskeletal system sports horses and the spread of diseases in equestrian clubs in the Middle Urals. Methods. The analysis of the diagnostic capabilities of X-ray and ultrasound research 31 sports horses of different age categories was carried out. Some of the animals had pronounced clinical signs of pathologies. The results obtained showed that 65 different pathologies were detected in 30 out of 31 examined horses, that is, in 96.7 % of animals. Disorders of the toe axis, fractures and cracks, convergence of spinous processes, end hoof, tendinitis, arthrosis of 2nd, 3rd, 4th degrees, including 1st degree, clinically not expressed were most often recorded. In young animals under the age of 1 year, such pathologies as violation of the finger axis and cracks in the bones prevail, from 1 to 3 years of age, fractures of the coffin bone were recorded, the appearance of the end hoof and a violation of the finger axis predominated, while in these groups of animals no pathologies were recorded during ultrasound. Thus, according to the results of visual diagnostics in the age groups from 0 to 3 years, there are on average 1.6 pathologies per horse, and in the age groups from 3 years and older, there are 2.3 pathologies per horse. Based on the above, we can conclude that the complex use of visual diagnostic methods has shown high efficiency in assessing the state of the musculoskeletal system in animals of all age groups. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of equestrian clubs in the Middle Urals, the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system in sports horses have been identified and the most effective methods for their diagnosis have been determined.

AEóðíàë "Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå" # 2-2018 13 Journal "Veterinaria i kormlenie" Èíôîðìàöèÿ îá àâòîðàõ / Information about the authors Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: êîðîâà, ïðîäóêòèâíîñòü, ìîëî÷íàÿ aeåëåçà, ãèïåðêåðàòîç, äîåíèå, ìàñòèò, êðåìíèéîðãàíè÷åñêèå ñîåäèíåíèÿ.Çàáîëåâàíèÿ ñîñêîâ ìîëî÷íîé aeåëåçû ó êîðîâ èìåþò øèðîêîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ðåãèñòðèðóþòñÿ íà 11,9-56,6% âñåõ îáñëåäîâàííûõ ÷åòâåðòåé âûìåíè. Ïðè ýòîì çíà÷èòåëüíûé ïðîöåíò âûÿâëÿåòñÿ äàaeå ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè ðîáîòèçèðîâàííîãî äîåíèÿ. Ïðîâåäåííûå òåðìîãðàôè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî â ïðîöåññå äîåíèÿ óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ òåìïåðàòóðà ñîñêîâ âûìåíè, ÷òî çàâèñèò îò ñîñòîÿíèÿ è òèïà äîèëüíîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ è ñîñêîâîé ðåçèíû. Ïåðìàíåíòíàÿ òðàâìà ìîëî÷íîé aeåëåçû ïðè ìàøèííîì äîåíèè ïîäòâåðaeäàåòñÿ íàëè÷èåì ñêðûòîé êðîâè â 26,2-68,6% ïðîá. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îñíîâíûì ýòèîëîãè÷åñêèì ôàêòîðîì ðàçâèòèÿ çàáîëåâàíèé ñîñêîâ âûìåíè ÿâëÿåòñÿ ìàøèííîå äîåíèå, à òàêaeå íàðóøåíèå òåõíîëîãèè äîåíèÿ è íåñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå ñîñòîÿíèå äîèëüíîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ. Èçó÷åíèå âíóòðåííåé ñòðóêòóðû ñîñêà ïðè èçìåíåíèè â âèäå ãèïåðêåðàòîçà ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî ïðîèñõîäèò ïîâðåaeäåíèå 35-40% äëèíû ñîñêîâîãî êàíàëà. Ãèñòîëîãè÷åñêîå èññëåäîâàíèå âûÿâèëî èçìåíåíèÿ â òêàíÿõ ñîñêà, õàðàêòåðíûå äëÿ ïîñòòðàâ-ìàòè÷åñêîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ: íàëè÷èå íàäðûâîâ ñëèçèñòîé îáî-ëî÷êè, îòåêà, ñîñóäèñòîé ðåàêöèè, î÷àãîâ ìèêðîíåêðîçà, óòîëùåíèå ðîãîâîãî ñëîÿ è åãî ñëóùèâàíèå.

Abstract. Purpose. Evaluation of the possibility of using silicon, silicon-zinc, silicon-zinc organoboron compounds and compositions based on them for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases in agricultural and small domestic animals. Method. There was carried out a clinical trial of various medicinal compositions with a base in the form of organic compounds of silicon, zinc, boron, both containing antimicrobial components and environmentally friendly agents. For this purpose, groups of animals were formed on the principle of analogs. The multiplicity and administration of drugs depended on the studied pathology. Results. The obtained results showed a high efficiency of the studied compositions, in particular, in the treatment of postpartum diseases of the uterus of an inflammatory nature, the effectiveness of the application was 95.5 %, with conservative treatment of the retention of the placenta – 100 %. Also, these funds are highly effective for the treatment of hyperkeratosis of the udder nipples, without changing the technology of milking. On average, the effectiveness of the compositions reached 86.1 % when the funds were used for 7 days. The study of an antimicrobial composition based on organosilicon glycerohydrogel in the treatment of purulent-necrotic lesions in the distal part of the extremities in cows can reduce the frequency of procedures and the duration of treatment by 6 days compared to animals in the control group. Scientific novelty. New functional biologically active pharmacological agents based on silicon-, silicon-zinc-, silicon-zinc boron glycerohydrogels have been developed and clinically tested for the treatment of cows with postpartum uterine diseases, in particular, postpartum endometritis and retention of the placenta, hyperkeratosis of the udder nipples, purulent-necrotic diseases of the distal also necrotic skin lesions of small domestic animals.

Due to the increased interest in sledding in dogs, the assessment of their reproductive function, in particular breeding males, is also relevant at the present time. In the course of the work, the prostate condition was assessed in breeding working animals in a kennel, as well as the quality of sperm in working dogs of different ages, as well as in non-working groups. The results showed that in 16.8% of males the prostate is not enlarged, the echostructure is uniform, the contours are even, and the echogenicity is normal. A slight increase in the organ without structural changes is observed in 42% of the examined animals and the same number of dogs (42%), have echostructural changes and increased organ size. Prostate enlargement in most of the examined males of the kennel may be associated with the crowding of their content, as well as the presence of bitches in neighboring enclosures. When assessing semen quality in workers of different age groups and non-group males in various time intervals at different intensity of physical activity. it is noted that the stability of sperm quality identified in males outside of the group, while animals in the system having both long and short-term physical load sperm quality is subject to considerable fluctuations. Thus, under intense load, the sperm quality indicators correspond to the reference values in animals of all groups, while during the long period of rest, working sled dogs have a significant decrease in the quality of sperm, which negatively affects their fertility.

For diary herding, milk production is one of the determining factors of effective actions. That is why it’s very important to get a high percentage of heifers into a processing of herd reproducing, which became possible after introduction of sexed seed – sperm, which cells are divided concerning the sex. Using of sexed seed allows us to repair the herd more quickly, and also to increase the realization volume of heifers by breed enterprises, which very good influence on their profitability. Provided of researching analyses showed us, that using the seed divided by sex into a large agricultural enterprise, the fertility rate is lower on 5-8%, than we will use the traditional seed, and female calves are much higher.