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Introduction. Although the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on adiposity is well established, there is a lack of evidence whether physical activity (PA) modifies the effect of FTO variants on obesity in Russians. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine PA influences and interactive effects between FTO variants and PA on measures of adiposity in Russians. Materials and methods. 110 Russian males aged 22–52 years old were examined. Anthropometry: height and weight, waist and hip circumferences were taken. The whole-body impedance was measured on the right-hand side of the body using the bio­impedance meter ABC-01 ‘Medas’ (SRC Medas, Russia) according to a conventional tetrapolar scheme at a frequency of 50 kHz. For each subject participating in the study, the genotype was determined by the polymorphic systems of the T/A (rs9939609) polymorphism of the FTO gene (Lytekh, Moscow). Results. Participants who did not engage in regular PA exhibited higher BMI, fat mass, HC, and WC with statistical significance (P ≤ 0.01). Although significant asso­ciations between the three FTO genotypes and adiposity measures were found in the sedentary group. There were no significant associations between FTO genotypes and obesity-related phenotypes in the PA group. Conclusion. Comparison of morphological parameters in carriers of alternative genotypes in two subgroups with different lifestyles makes it possible to conclude that the A allele determines a greater tendency to accumulate fat in cases where there is no regular physical activity.

Aim. The article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic control of the workload during PE activities in special medical group students (SMG) using heart rate (HR) monitors. Materials and methods. The research involved 30 students with chronic pathology of the organs of vision, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, nervous and genitourinary systems. Control (CG) and experimental groups (EG) were formed of 15 people each. Before the beginning of the research, the intensity of physical activity was selected individually for each girl. During the training session, the load level in the control group was selected by the results of operational control, while in the experimental group it was chosen by means of dynamic control. The effectiveness of dynamic control was established by the comparative analysis of indicators of functional abilities, physical development and physical fitness of students. Results. During the research process, the average value of the chest circumference increased by 2.7% in CG and by 4.8% in EG, indicating an improvement in respiratory function. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences in this indicator, it should be noted that the chest circumference increased more in the experimental group. In the experimental group, a greater increase was noted in other indicators of the respiratory system. During physical activity, the average heart rate decreased by 4.8%  and 7.1%, SBP by 7.7% and 11.1%, DBP by 6.2% and 6.3% in CG and EG, respectively, indicating an improvement in the cardiovascular system. SBP indicators were significantly lower in the experimental group. For other indicators significant differences were not revealed but it should be noted that in the experimental group the decrease was more significant. The increase in physical fitness in female students of both groups was registered in all eight indicators. The most significant increase (P<0.01) was noted in exercises for general and special endurance. In the experimental group, the increase was from 8 to 77 %, in the control group, from 4.6 to 52%. Conclusion. Dynamic control of training load using heart rate data obtained with heart rate monitors provides a more significant increase in physical fitness and body functions of SMG students, improves the efficiency of physical education management, provides an individual approach to the load control, as well as feedback during the training session and the possibility of choosing physical education methods.

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